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Table 1 Mean speed (km/h) before and after the signal indicating incoming information

From: The effects of travel information presentation through nomadic systems on driver behaviour

 

SMS

PDA

AUDITORY

pre

post

pre

post

pre

post

Natives (Busy)

95.8

96.9

93.6

90.1

96.9

93.3

Natives (Calm)

112.7

111.9

108.2

98.1

107.2

92.7

Non-Natives (Busy)

88.5

73.2

90.7

86.3

92.9

88.8

Non-Natives (Calm)

102.8

89.2

94.9

86.1

97.2

92.7

Total

99.9

92.8

96.8

90.1

98.6

91.9