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Table 6 Results of the sub-analyses for socio-demographic and offense-related variables as independent variables

From: EU DRUID project: results of a questionnaire survey amongst participants of driver rehabilitation programmes in Europe

Variables

Age

BAC

Gender

Education

Recidivist

r

p-value

r

p-value

Male

Female

Cohen’s d

p-value

<A-level

>A-level

Cohen’s d

p-value

No

yes

Cohen’s-d

p-value

Overall course evaluation

r = −.169

p < .001***

r = −.032

p = .008**

1.54 ± 0.56

1.41 ± 0.53

0.22

p < .001***

1.53 ± 0.54

1.55 ± 0.59

−0.04

p = .221

1.53 ± 0.56

1.52 ± 0.55

0.01

p = .828

Transtheoretical model—processes

 Consciousness raising

r = −.145

p < .001***

r = −.059

p < .001***

1.66 ± 0.59

1.55 ± 0.55

0.19

p < .001***

1.63 ± 0.57

1.72 ± 0.61

−0.15

p = .176

1.66 ± 0.59

1.61 ± 0.57

0.08

p = .003**

 Dramatic relief

r = −.002

p = .863

r = −.064

p < .001***

1.90 ± 0.84

1.82 ± 0.87

0.10

p = .012*

1.86 ± 0.83

1.93 ± 0.83

−0.08

p = .666

1.90 ± 0.85

1.88 ± 0.85

0.02

p = .564

 Environmental re-evaluation

r = −.160

p < .001***

r = −.069

p < .001***

1.93 ± 0.97

1.86 ± 0.99

0.07

p = .059

1.88 ± 0.94

2.07 ± 1.00

−0.20

p < .001***

1.94 ± 0.98

1.85 ± 0.93

0.09

p = .001**

 Self re-evaluation

r = −.151

p < .001***

r = −.065

p < .001***

1.70 ± 0.79

1.58 ± 0.78

0.15

p < .001***

1.67 ± 0.78

1.78 ± 0.82

−0.15

p = .141

1.71 ± 0.80

1.61 ± 0.77

0.12

p < .001***

 Social liberation

r = −.109

p < .001***

r = −.017

p = .158

1.43 ± 0.65

1.34 ± 0.61

0.13

p = .001**

1.39 ± 0.61

1.50 ± 0.69

−0.16

p = .002**

1.43 ± 0.65

1.41 ± 0.62

0.03

p = .323

Cognitive-affective process scales (in sum)

r = −.180

p < .001***

r = −.085

p < .001***

1.70 ± 0.49

1.60 ± 0.46

0.21

p < .001***

1.67 ± 0.46

1.77 ± 0.52

−0.22

p = .002**

1.71 ± 0.49

1.66 ± 0.47

0.10

p < .001***

 Self-liberation

r = −.153

p < .001***

r = −.052

p < .001***

1.40 ± 0.57

1.30 ± 0.48

0.19

p < .001***

1.38 ± 0.54

1.43 ± 0.59

−0.09

p = .578

1.40 ± 0.57

1.37 ± 0.54

0.06

p = .031*

 Stimulus control

r = −.154

p < .001***

r = −.038

p = .002**

1.53 ± 0.76

1.46 ± 0.74

0.09

p = .018*

1.49 ± 0.72

1.64 ± 0.82

−0.20

p = .001**

1.54 ± 0.76

1.50 ± 0.75

0.05

p = .068

 Counter conditioning

r = −.129

p < .001***

r = −.044

p < .001***

1.49 ± 0.65

1.41 ± 0.63

0.13

p = .001**

1.46 ± 0.62

1.56 ± 0.71

−0.15

p = .004**

1.50 ± 0.66

1.44 ± 0.62

0.09

p = .001**

 Helping relations

r = −.120

p < .001***

r = −.028

p = .022*

1.51 ± 0.68

1.47 ± 0.69

0.07

p = .075

1.49 ± 0.65

1.58 ± 0.74

−0.13

p = .056

1.52 ± 0.69

1.48 ± 0.64

0.06

p = .050

 Reinforcement management

r = −.130

p < .001***

r = −.060

p < .001***

1.69 ± 0.87

1.61 ± 0.89

0.09

p = .014*

1.64 ± 0.84

1.84 ± 0.93

−0.23

p < .001***

1.71 ± 0.88

1.64 ± 0.85

0.08

p = .005**

Behavioural process scales (in sum)

r = −.190

p < .001***

r = −.060

p < .001***

1.51 ± 0.50

1.42 ± 0.48

0.17

p < .001***

1.47 ± 0.47

1.58 ± 0.55

−0.21

p = .001**

1.51 ± 0.51

1.46 ± 0.49

0.09

p = .001**

Diamond of change—contributing factors

 Individual

r = −.206

p < .001***

r = −.084

p < .001***

1.64 ± 0.52

1.54 ± 0.48

0.19

p < .001***

1.60 ± 0.49

1.73 ± 0.56

−0.24

p < .001***

1.65 ± 0.52

1.59 ± 0.50

0.12

p < .001***

 Methods

r = −.173

p < .001***

r = −.024

p = .050

1.68 ± 0.77

1.58 ± 0.74

0.14

p < .001***

1.65 ± 0.73

1.78 ± 0.82

−0.17

p < .001***

1.69 ± 0.77

1.62 ± 0.75

0.10

p < .001***

 Contents

r = −.064

p < .001***

r = −.062

p < .001***

1.58 ± 0.59

1.49 ± 0.58

0.16

p < .001***

1.55 ± 0.57

1.60 ± 0.60

−0.09

p = .002**

1.58 ± 0.59

1.55 ± 0.57

0.05

p = .054

 Participant–participant relations

r = −.087

p < .001***

r = −.030

p = .014*

1.68 ± 0.69

1.61 ± 0.72

0.10

p = .012*

1.65 ± 0.68

1.73 ± 0.72

−0.11

p < .001***

1.67 ± 0.70

1.67 ± 0.68

0.01

p = .707

 Participant–trainer relations

r = −.143

p < .001***

r = −.036

p = .003

1.34 ± 0.53

1.24 ± 0.46

0.19

p < .001***

1.32 ± 0.50

1.37 ± 0.55

−0.11

p < .001***

1.34 ± 0.53

1.31 ± 0.49

0.06

p = .025*

  1. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001; Effect sizes: r < .20…small effect, .20–.40 medium effect, > .40 large effect; Cohen’s-d: < .30…small effect .30–.60…medium effect, > .60….large effect
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