Excess travelling—what does it mean? New definition and a case study of excess commuters in Tyne and Wear, UK

Barr, Stuart; Fraszczyk, Anna; Mulley, Corinne

doi:10.1007/s12544-010-0029-y

European Transport Research Review

An Open Access Journal

Table 2 Summary of literature on excess travel research

From: Excess travelling—what does it mean? New definition and a case study of excess commuters in Tyne and Wear, UK

Author	Year published	Study area	Trip purpose	Mean excess	Mean excess	Comment
Author	Year published	Study area	Trip purpose	Distance [%]	Time [%]	Comment
Jansen	1966	San Francisco, US	Work	+5.7	+9.8
Orman	1967	San Francisco, US	Work	+3.1	+5.3
Gordon and Wood	1969	Suburban Washington, US	n/a	+47.0	+135.2
Shepperd and Adams	1971	England	n/a	+18.9
Danbolg and Wallder	1972	Vesteras, Sweden	Various	+6.4
Tagliacozzo and Pirzio	1973	Rome, Italy	n/a	+13.2	+33.0
Wright	1976	Central London, England	Not determined	+5.5		13.1% excess crossings
Morrison	1977	England	n/a		+10.3
Lunn	1978	England	n/a	+23.7	+29.4
Jeffrey and Taylor	1979	England	Various	Plus 7.2% generalised cost
Kobayashi	1979	Tokyo, Japan	All		+6.0
Bovy	1981	Eindhoven, Netherlands	Work to home	+7.2	+13.2
Hamilton	1982	14 US cities and 27 Japanese cities	Work	+87.1	+70.0
Mast and Lareau	1984	Suburban Washington, US	n/a	+150
White	1988	25 US cities	Work		+11.1
Hamilton	1989	Boston, US	Work	+47.1
Cropper and Gordon	1991	Baltimore, US	Work	+50.0
Thurston and Yezer	1991	14 US cities	Work	+32.7
Small and Song	1992	Los Angeles, US	Work	69.1	65.9
Hiuliano and Small	1993	Los Angeles, US	Work	+53.3	+50.1
Kim	1995	Los Angeles, US	Work		+38.7
Merriman	1995	Tokyo, Japan	Work		+15.0
Song	1995	Los Angeles, US	Work	+53.1
Scott	1997	Hamilton, US	Work		+73.14
Frost et al.	1998	10 UK cities	Work	+19.1
Chen	2000	Taipei, Taiwan	Work	+79.9
Mokhtarian	2001	San Francisco, US	Various	–	–	50% of the sample engaged in desire to travel for its own sake
Horner	2002	26 US cities	Work	+46.8
Buliung and Kanaroglou	2002	Toronto, Canada	Work	+65.0
Horner and Murray	2002	Boise, US	Work	+26.2
Manning	2003	London, UK	Work	+55.0
Rodriguez	2004	Bogota, Colombia	Work	+47.0
O’Kelly and Lee	2005	Boise, US	Work	+47.7
O’Kelly and Lee	2005	Wichita, US	Work	+55.7
Ma and Banister	2006	Seoul, South Korea	Work	+51.3	+30.2
Niedzielski	2006	4 Polish cities	Work	+47.95

Adapted from King and Mast [5] and Ma and Banister [6]

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