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Table 2 Categorisation of errors, level 1–3 in accordance to Hacker (2005), distinction within level 3 according to Rasmussen [7] and Vollrath [10]
Error Level | Description | Errors |
|---|---|---|
Level 1: “accident type” | Result of the execution of an error | •Single vehicle accident (with or without collision with an obstacle) |
•Frontal collision | ||
•Lateral collision | ||
•Chain/rear collision | ||
•Collision with parked vehicle | ||
•Collision with animal | ||
Level 2: “driving error” | Action that has led to the accident. | •Driving too fast in an unexpected bend on rural roads (error 1) |
•Speeding (error 2) | ||
•Wrong use of the lane (error 3) | ||
•Violation of priority rules (error 4) | ||
•Failure when overtaking (error 5) | ||
•Insufficient safety distance (error 6) | ||
Level 3: “human error” | Psychological process that is basis to the driving error. | •information error (lack of perception: e.g. having not noticed the traffic sign while passing) |
•diagnostic error (incorrect evaluation of available information) | ||
•performance error (incorrect execution: e.g. having not found the brake pedal) | ||
Level 4: “psycho-physiological condition” | Condition that can influence the psychological process. | •impairment |
•exhaustion, fatigue | ||
•disorders (neurological, cardiovascular) | ||
•intoxication (alcohol, drugs) |