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Table 3 Annual demand for raw material for the production of Li-ion batteries [12]

From: The impact of automotive industry and its supply chain to climate change: Somme techno-economic aspects

Resources

Base case

Fuel economy

EV scenario

Worldwide production

Reserve

Aluminium, Al

35.000 t

64.000 t

246.000 t

92 Mio. t

12150 Mio. t [5]

Copper, Cu

27.000 t

48.000 t

187.000 t

16 Mio. t

550 Mio. t [5]

Lithium, Li

3.000 t

5.000 t

18.700 t

27.000 t

28 Mio. t [6]

Nickel, Ni

5.000 t

9.000 t

35.000 t

1,6 Mio. t

70 Mio. t [5]

Cobalt, Co

5.000 t

9.000 t

35.000 t

71.000 t

7,1 Mio. t [5]

Mangan, Mn

17.000 t

31.000 t

132.000 t

14 Mio. t

500 Mio.t [5]