Benefit measures for noise abatement: calculations for road and rail traffic noise

European Transport Research Review

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Table 1 Swedish noise WTP studies

Study	Noise type
Hedonic regression		NSDI (%)
Hammar [28]^a	Road and Railway	0.8–1.7
Wilhelmsson [71]^b	Road	0.5–5.0
Stated preferences		Description of monetary values^c
Kihlman et al. [35]	Transport	112–250 SEK/month/household for a quiet traffic environment.
Wibe [70]	Living	212 SEK/month/household for a quiet living environment.
Carlsson et al. [17]	Aircraft	5–25 SEK/takeoff depending on more or less takeoffs and when the takeoff occurs, i.e. day of week and time during the day.
Carlsson et al. [17]	Aircraft	The results indicate a higher WTP for reducing the noise level in the evenings and mornings.
Bickel et al. [12]	Road	122–211 SEK/year/person per dB(A).^d
	Railway	122–211 SEK/year/person per dB(A) with a 5 dB(A) “rail bonus”.^d
	Aircraft	188–277 SEK/year/person per dB(A).^d

^a Results from [28] based on presentation in [29].
^b Also published as [72] in which the interval for NSDI is 0.3–3.0 %.
^c Values shown in the price level of each study.
^d Values adjusted from EUR to SEK (EUR 1 = SEK 9.16, www.riksbank.se, 2008–11-28) and from factor costs, where the factor 1.21 has been used [65]. As from 70 dB(A) the values also include a health cost component which lead to a higher EUR per dB(A) in the interval 70–71 dB(A) than the values reported here (Table 6.9 [12]).