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Table 1 Reference values of energy consumption (%) in city, highway and composite regimes
From: A response to industrial maturity and energetic issues: a possible solution based on constructal law
| Â | Car | Truck | Bus | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
City | H way | Comp | City | H way | Comp | City | H way | Comp | ||
% | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | ||
Engine | Fuel tank | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Engine | 74.0 | 70.0 | 72.0 | 65.0 | 60.0 | 62.5 | 62.0 | 60.0 | 61.0 | |
Standby | 6.0 | 0.5 | 3.3 | 5.0 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 8.0 | 1.5 | 4.8 | |
Output | 20.0 | 30.5 | 25.3 | 30.0 | 39.0 | 34.5 | 30.0 | 38.5 | 34.3 | |
Power train | Driveline | 4.0 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 8.0 | 5.0 | 6.5 | 8.0 | 5.0 | 6.5 |
Output | 16.0 | 25.5 | 20.8 | 22.0 | 34.0 | 28.0 | 22.0 | 33.5 | 27.8 | |
Operations | Rolling | 4.4 | 9.0 | 6.3 | 4.4 | 11.1 | 7.7 | 4.4 | 12.1 | 8.3 |
Drag | 2.9 | 12.9 | 6.2 | 4.4 | 18.7 | 11.6 | 3.6 | 18.6 | 11.1 | |
Kinetic | 8.7 | 3.7 | 8.2 | 11.0 | 2.6 | 6.8 | 14.0 | 2.8 | 8.4 | |