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Table 7 Unit external costs of air pollution and climate change for the SPECTRUM service (Euro cent is abbreviated as €ct)

From: Adapted cost-benefit analysis methodology for innovative railway services

External cost

Service area 1

Service area 2

Service area 3

Air pollution

0.045 €ct/tkm

0.011 €ct/tkm

0.252 €ct/tkm

Climate change

0.021 €ct/tkm

0.019 €ct/tkm

0.485 €ct/tkm

  1. Source: Authors’ elaborations