Effects of winter Tyre type on roughness and polishing of road surfaces covered with ice and compact snow

European Transport Research Review

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Table 3 Mean depth of ruts (cm) in section A by road surface, subsection and lane. The results are given for the beginning, middle and end of the test. The missing values (−) are for measurements outside the range of the profile gauge

Subsection	Phase of test	Proportion of vehicles with studded tyres					Reference lane
Subsection	Phase of test	100%	75%	50%	25%	0%	Reference lane
Icy road surface
Constant speed	Beginning	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.4
	Middle	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
	End	0.4	1.0	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.2
Braking	Beginning	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0
	Middle	1.5	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.2
	End	1.3	0.8	0.5	0.2	0.4	0.1
Acceleration	Beginning	0.1	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
	Middle	0.8	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	-0.1
	End	-	0.6	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.3
Snowy road surface
Constant speed	Beginning	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
	Middle	1.2	0.9	0.7	0.8	-	0.1
	End	-	-	-	-	-	0.2
Braking	Beginning	0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.3	0.2	0.0
	Middle	-	-	-	1.9	-	0.2
	End	-	-	-		-	0.1
Acceleration	Beginning	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.4
	Middle	1.9	-		0.7	-	0.2
	End	-	-	-	-	-	0.1