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Table 5 Path coefficients

From: SEM application to the household travel survey on weekends versus weekdays: the case of Seoul, South Korea

 

Weekday trip frequency

Weekday travel time

Weekend trip frequency

Weekend travel time

Unstd. coef.*

Std. coef.

p

SMC

Unstd. coef.*

Std. coef.

p

SMC

Unstd. coef.*

Std. coef.

p

SMC

Unstd. coef.*

Std. coef.

p

SMC

Regression paths

 df_autom

<−--

TB

1 (fixed)

0.923

 

0.852

−2.256

−0.589

0.000

0.347

1 (fixed)

0.933

 

0.871

170.190

0.511

0.000

0.262

 df_non

<−--

TB

−0.275

−0.272

0.000

0.074

0.574

0.319

0.000

0.102

−0.236

−0.247

0.000

0.061

1 (fixed)

0.006

 

0.004

 df_transit

<−--

TB

−0.419

−0.274

0.000

0.075

1 (fixed)

0.261

 

0.068

−0.526

−0.412

0.000

0.170

−134.627

−0.464

0.000

0.215

 h_autom1

<−--

LS

1 (fixed)

0.715

 

0.512

(Removed)

   

1 (fixed)

0.952

 

0.906

2.003

0.693

0.000

0.480

 h_child

<−--

LS

0.080

0.094

0.002

0.009

0.006

0.157

0.000

0.025

0.042

0.066

0.006

0.004

0.160

0.090

0.004

0.008

 h_size

<−--

LS

0.390

0.159

0.000

0.025

0.041

0.366

0.000

0.134

0.283

0.154

0.000

0.024

1 (fixed)

0.198

 

0.039

 m_birth

<−--

LS

(Removed)

   

1 (fixed)

0.549

 

0.301

(Removed)

   

(Removed)

   

 m_gender

<−--

LS

0.104

0.085

0.006

0.007

−0.014

−0.249

0.000

0.062

(Removed)

   

0.185

0.073

0.028

0.005

 avl_bus_d

<−--

LU

0.001

0.672

0.000

0.452

1 (fixed)

0.676

 

0.457

0.001

0.671

0.000

0.451

1 (fixed)

0.672

 

0.452

 avl_met_d

<−--

LU

0.000

0.449

0.000

0.202

0.010

0.450

0.000

0.202

0.000

0.448

0.000

0.201

0.010

0.449

0.000

0.202

 cnn_d

<−--

LU

0.016

0.902

0.000

0.813

11.884

0.898

0.000

0.807

0.016

0.903

0.000

0.815

11.999

0.902

0.000

0.813

 ent

<−--

LU

(Removed)

   

(Removed)

   

(Removed)

   

(Removed)

   

 pop1_d

<−--

LU

1 (fixed)

0.570

 

0.325

758.191

0.570

0.000

0.325

1 (fixed)

0.570

 

0.325

762.615

0.570

0.000

0.325

 pop2_d

<−--

LU

0.587

0.525

0.000

0.276

446.045

0.526

0.000

0.277

0.588

0.525

0.000

0.276

447.913

0.525

0.000

0.276

 TB

<−--

LS

1 (fixed)

0.369

 

0.136

1 (fixed)

0.578

 

0.353

1 (fixed)

0.317

 

0.109

1 (fixed)

0.469

 

0.220

 TB

<−--

LU

(Removed)

   

0.054

0.139

0.000

 

0.000

−0.052

0.036

 

(Removed)

   

Correlation paths

 LS

<−->

LU

−2965.403

−0.247

0.000

 

(Removed)

   

−3031.314

−0.190

0.000

 

−1.860

−0.244

0.000

 

 d3

<−->

d2†

0.071

0.210

0.000

 

(Not added)

   

0.073

0.214

0.000

 

0.070

0.208

0.000

 

 d5

<−->

d3†

(Not added)

   

0.045

0.100

0.000

 

(Not added)

   

(Not added)

   

 d7

<−->

d6†

4.158

0.124

0.000

 

4.060

0.121

0.000

 

4.186

0.124

0.000

 

4.155

0.124

0.000

 

 d10

<−->

d7†

6235.451

0.186

0.000

 

6236.147

0.186

0.000

 

6244.384

0.186

0.000

 

6233.849

0.186

0.000

 

 d11

<−->

d10†

437,714,930.999

0.364

0.000

 

436,934,968.982

0.364

0.000

 

437,897,835.256

0.364

0.000

 

437,636,771.900

0.364

0.000

 

 d13

<−->

d12†

(Not added)

   

(Not added)

   

(Not added)

   

−944.949

−0.107

0.000

 

 d14

<−->

d13†

−0.469

−0.272

0.000

 

(Not added)

   

(Not added)

   

2256.126

0.284

0.000

 
  1. *SEM requires one factor loading per factor to be fixed to one for model identification purposes [39], and relative to their standardized counterparts, unstandardized coefficients do not carry meaningful information. However, presenting the unstandardized coefficients—particularly, showing which coefficient is fixed—is important by itself for the reproducibility of analytical findings [33]
  2. † Added to the initial model based on the modification index