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Table 1 Time Headways of drivers on a simulator with/without the CAS activated, in different overtaking scenarios [6]

From: Intelligent personalized ADAS warnings

Driving scenario

With CAS on

With CAS off

Time Headways in motorways (sec.)

Overtaking a convoy of low-speed cars and car following on the left lane

4.18

4.00

Overtaking a low-speed vehicle

4.18

3.86

Time Headways in rural roads (sec.)

Overtaking a low-speed vehicle that brakes

2.34

1.90

Overtaking a stopped vehicle

3.36a

1.90a

2.57b

1.92b

Overtaking a stopped vehicle and meeting another one

2.24

1.31

Overtaking a low-speed vehicle

2.31

1.74

  1. amiddle-aged drivers
  2. belderly drivers