Table 2 Evaluation program

1st driving phase

Measurement of the reaction time.

2nd driving phase

Calculation of the personalized mean T_headway.

3rd driving phase

Car following task and provision of CAS warnings based on manufacturer’s threshold, where the reaction time is set to 1 s. for all drivers.

4th driving phase

Car following, with CAS warning based on the mean personal reaction time (as found in the 1st phase results).

5th driving phase

Same procedure with phases 3 and 4, but the warning is provided when T_headway≤1 s.

6th driving phase

Same procedure with phases 3–5, but with different warning rules, according to formulas (4a)-(4c).