Location, location, relocation: how the relocation of offices from suburbs to the inner city impacts commuting on foot and by bike

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Table 2 Summary of modal share changes (in percent) for existing Norwegian workplace relocation studies

Direction of relocation	Year of relocation	Δ distance to city centre (km)	Name of workplace	Type of business	City	Walk modal share before	Δ walk modal share	Bicycle modal share before	Δ bicycle modal share	Public Transport modal share before	Δ Public Transport modal share	Method of data collection	Reference
To city centre	2013	−5.2	Gjensidige ^β	Insurance	Oslo	2	3	7	0	35	38	Before - After	[6]
To city centre	2000	−3.5	Statens Hus ^β	Public office	Trondheim	7	5	11	6	12	26	Before - After	[8, 9]
To city centre	1993	−2.5	IDG Norway ^a	Media, data, marketing	Oslo	4	3	4	3	25	18	After only	[29]
To city centre	2005	−2.0	Municipality of Trondheim ^β	Public office	Trondheim	7	5	18	11	15	14	Before - After	[7]
To city centre	1976	−1.5	Institute of Transport Economics	Research institute	Oslo	6	−1	n/a	n/a	33	19	Before - After	[26]
Net distance to city centre unchanged	2006	0	Centre for Interdisciplinary Environmental and Social Research (CIENS)	Research institute	Oslo	6	0	24	5	30	9	Before - After	[32]
To suburbs	2000	3.5	Oslo University Hospital ^a	Hospital	Oslo	14	−4	14	−4	53	−11	Before - After	[25]
To suburbs	1991	5.0	Gjensidige ^a	Insurance	Oslo	7	0	7	0	59	−18	Before - After	[23]
To suburbs	1985	7.6	Fokus Bank	Bank	Trondheim	13	−9	8	−6	30	−21	Similar bank in the same city block in lieu of before	[24]; [28]
To suburbs	1976	11.5	Tanum ^a	Bookstore	Oslo	7	−1	7	−1	79	−51	Before - After	[26]
To suburbs	1977	15.5	Atlas Copco ^a	Industrial sales	Oslo	3	3	3	3	22	−14	Before - After	[26]
To suburbs	1998	29.5	Oslo Airport ^a,b	Airport	Oslo	1	−1	1	−1	21	24	Before - After	[22]

Notes ^β Post-2000 studies included for detailed comparison with the company relocation case study of Adresseavisen in Trondheim
^a Walking and cycling modal shares were presented as a combined value in the original reports, and have been approximated for this table by halving
^b Oslo airport relocated to an area with a purpose-built train station, which was not present in the before situation, thus explaining the increased public transport patronage despite decentralisation