Table 2 Advantages and disadvantages of EA cargo bikes

More quiet than an engine due to an electric motor

Higher cost of trans-loading due to smaller cargo capacity

Small enough to maneuver through narrow streets and pedestrian only zones

Lower economies of scale due to the lower carrying capacity of an EA cargo bike

Time saved finding parking because it can park on sidewalks

Limitations in some area due to inability to climb steep slopes

Money saved on parking tickets because it would not be as likely to park illegally

Road regulations (E.g. EA cargo bicycles are illegal in New York City [20])

Increase in delivery reliability because EA can avoid congested roads and can use the bike lane to meet delivery deadlines

Urban design barriers such as bollards or limited bicycle infrastructure

Improved road safety for pedestrians and cyclists as bike collisions are less severe than collisions with a delivery truck

Other limitations - driver fatigue, depleted battery charge, and extreme weather conditions (wind, rain, snow, ice, etc.)

Collisions may be more severe for the EA cargo cyclist as compared to driver in truck