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Table 4 Notation for the cost function
L nb | Distance between DC and neighborhood, mi |
|---|---|
N | Number of stops at the route |
L s | Distance between stops, mi |
n | Average number of parcels per stop |
n vt | Number of trucks needed to serve the route |
C d | Costs associated with driver, $ |
C v | Costs associated with vehicle, $ |
C vu | Costs of vehicle usage, $ / hour |
t f | Delivery fixed time (equal to 0.15 h [14] for trucks and 0.06 h for bicycles), h |
t o | Total route time traveled by all vehicles, h |
t v | Delivery variable time (equal to 0.008 h for both trucks and bicycles), h/parcel |
d | Total route distance, mi |
v | Vehicle traveling speed, mi/h |
w | Driver wage, $/h |
n vb | Number of bikes needed to serve the route |
\( {\boldsymbol{n}}_{{\boldsymbol{vt}}_{\boldsymbol{cap}}} \) | Number of trucks needed to serve the route with capacity restrictions |
\( {\boldsymbol{n}}_{{\boldsymbol{vt}}_{\boldsymbol{T}}} \) | Number of trucks needed to serve the route with driver working hours restrictions |
p dim | Average package dimension, ft3 (equal to 1.96 ft3) |
t cap | Truck capacity, ft3 |
t travel | Route travel time, h |
t deliv | Route delivery time, h |
t wd | Driver working day time, h (equal to 10 h) |
b cap | EA cargo bicycle capacity, ft3 |
d b | An average maximum distance EA cargo bike can travel, mi (equal to 18 miles) |
\( {\boldsymbol{n}}_{\boldsymbol{vb}}^{\boldsymbol{cap}} \) | Number of bicycles needed to serve the route with capacity restrictions |
\( {\boldsymbol{n}}_{{\boldsymbol{vb}}_{\boldsymbol{T}}\kern0.5em } \) | Number of bicycles needed to serve the route with driver working hours restrictions |
\( {\boldsymbol{n}}_{{\boldsymbol{vb}}_{\boldsymbol{b}}\kern0.5em } \) | Number of bicycles needed to serve the route with the battery restrictions |