Fig. 4From: Synchromodality in the Physical Internet – dual sourcing and real-time switching between transport modesWhen \(I_{d}^{t} > T_{i}\) (case 1), \(\min (I_{d}^{t} - T_{i}, Q^{t-L_{r}}_{r})\) units of the order will be slowed down and shipped via intermodal transport (the shifted volume is bounded by the number of units arriving at the terminal, \(Q^{t-L_{r}}_{r}\)); when \(T_{r} \leq I_{d}^{t} \leq T_{i}\) (case 2), the transport mode will remain unchanged; if \(I_{d}^{t} < T_{r}\) (case 3), \(\min (T_{r} - I_{d}^{t}, Q^{t-L_{i}}_{i})\) units will be sped up and shipped via road transportBack to article page