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Table 2 Characteristics of non-accident studies
From: Truck-bicycle safety: an overview of methods of study, risk factors and research needs
Study | Type | Aim | Data collection | Sample size | Evaluation method | Definition of conflict | Truck type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fenn et al., 2005 [24] | Behavioural / Conflict | Examine drivers’ experiences related to close proximity mirrors | Postal survey | 311 drivers | Descriptive statistics | Impression of close calls (barely avoiding an accident) | not reported |
FDS International (2010) [34] | Behavioural | Evaluate the behaviour related to roadside mirrors | Interviews | 51 drivers 20 cyclists | Descriptive statistics | not relevant | Long goods vehicle |
Frings et al., 2012 [35] | Behavioural | Examine gender differences in risk perception associated with various cycling maneuvers near trucks | On-line questionnaire | 4596 cyclists | Variance analysis (ANOVA); chi-square analysis | not relevant | Truck over 3,5 t |
Conway et al., 2013 [36] | Conflict | Assess cyclists’ exposure to multimodal conflict in urban on-street bicycle lanes | Direct observations | 50 h 35 sites 25 conflicts | Bivariate correlation analyses | To avoid a collision, cyclist must exit the bicycle lane or stop | Trucks and vans |
Twisk et al., 2013 [37] | Behavioural | Evaluate awareness programs by examining the decisions of young cyclists when in blind spot areas | Table-top models Quasi-experimental design | 62 cyclists | Mixed design ANOVA | not relevant | not reported |
Helman et al., 2013 [18] | Behavioural | Assessment of drivers’ tasks while turning left; assessment of driver errors | Accompanied driving followed by short interviews | 3 drivers | Cognitive task analysis | not relevant | Construction vehicles |
Milner et al., 2016 [38] | Behavioural | Study behaviour related to direct and indirect vision, Improve the understanding of visual processing | Literature review, road user surveys, laboratory experiments | 117 drivers 129 cyclists | Descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis | not relevant | not reported |
Mole & Wilkie, 2017 [39] | Behavioural | Examine whether mirrors delay driver responses | Simulation of driving tasks | 41 drivers | Mixed model ANOVA | not relevant | not reported |
Pitera et al., 2017 [40] | Conflict | Conduct safety evaluation of loading area located next to busy cycle street | Observation with camera | 100 h 1 site 2 conflicts | Descriptive statistics | Presence of an evasive action | Delivery truck (excluding vans) |
Behavioural | Investigate road users’ understanding of a safety measure | Intercept interviews Camera | 39 cyclists 5 drivers | not relevant | |||
Richter & Sachs, 2017 [32] | Behavioural | Examine the driving and gaze behaviour when using turn-off assistant | Simulation of routes | 48 drivers | Descriptive statistics | not relevant | Van, delivery truck, truck without trailer, semitrailer truck |
Conflict | Observe the behaviour and conflicts in right-turning maneuvers | Observation with camera | 129 h 43 sites 71 conflicts | not reported | |||
Abadi & Hurwitz, 2018 [17] | Behavioural | Investigate cyclists’ perceived level of comfort near urban loading zones | Online questionnaire | 342 cyclists | Repeated-measures ANOVA, cluster analysis | not relevant | not reported |
Pokorny et al., 2018 [41] | Conflict | Investigate cyclists’ involvement in conflicts with trucks (frequency, type and characteristics of conflicts) | On-line questionnaire | 631 cyclists | Descriptive statistics, multinomial logistic regression | A near collision, but due to the quick reactions of the cyclist and/or driver, accident averted | Large road vehicle used for carrying or pulling goods or materials |