An Open Access Journal
Table 1 Emissions and fuel consumption under heavily congested traffic
From: Impacts of gradual automated vehicle penetration on motorway operation: a comprehensive evaluation
AVs share | Baseline | Improvement | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No control | VSL control | |||||||||||
0% | 10% | 30% | 50% | 70% | 90% | 100% | 0% | 10% | 30% | 50% | 70% | |
CO (mg) | 6.2 × 107 | 12% | 16% | 31% | 43% | 64% | 69% | 35% | 36% | 41% | 53% | 67% |
CO2 (mg) | 3.2 × 109 | 5% | 9% | 17% | 25% | 39% | 44% | 10% | 14% | 17% | 25% | 33% |
HC (mg) | 3.6 × 105 | 11% | 15% | 27% | 39% | 58% | 64% | 28% | 31% | 36% | 45% | 58% |
PMx (mg) | 6.8 × 104 | 5% | 10% | 17% | 26% | 41% | 47% | 10% | 12% | 18% | 25% | 33% |
NOx (mg) | 1.3 × 106 | 6% | 11% | 19% | 29% | 45% | 51% | 11% | 15% | 20% | 27% | 38% |
Fuel (ml) | 1.4 × 106 | 5% | 9% | 17% | 25% | 39% | 44% | 10% | 14% | 18% | 24% | 31% |