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Table 4 MoEs computed using future traffic
From: Impacts of gradual automated vehicle penetration on motorway operation: a comprehensive evaluation
0%AVs | 10%AVs | 30%AVs | 50%AVs | 70%AVs | 90%AVs | 100%AVs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No control | Baseline | Improvement | |||||
TT (s) | 322 | 1% | 8% | 13% | 23% | 25% | 26% |
TTC < 5 s | 26 | −50% | −58% | − 131% | −138% | − 177% | −192% |
CO (mg) | 1.5 × 108 | −8% | −22% | −18% | −29% | −30% | −20% |
CO2 (mg) | 6 × 109 | −5% | −20% | −27% | − 41% | −48% | −27% |
HC (mg) | 8.4 × 105 | −8% | −21% | −20% | −31% | −33% | − 21% |
PMx (mg) | 1.3 × 105 | −6% | −22% | −26% | −42% | −47% | − 24% |
NOx (mg) | 2.5 × 106 | −6% | −21% | −26% | −41% | −46% | − 22% |
Fuel (ml) | 2.6 × 106 | −5% | −20% | −27% | −41% | −48% | − 27% |
VSL | Improvement | ||||||
TT (s) | −5% | 0% | 6% | 7% | 12% | 20% | 22% |
TTC < 5 s | −12% | −58% | −68% | −126% | −145% | − 178% | − 190% |
CO (mg) | 4% | −10% | −12% | −13% | −19% | −15% | −18% |
CO2 (mg) | 1% | −5% | −14% | −23% | −39% | −40% | −34% |
HC (mg) | 4% | −9% | − 12% | −15% | −22% | −19% | −20% |
PMx (mg) | 5% | −2% | −8% | −15% | −30% | −28% | −22% |
NOx (mg) | 1% | −6% | −14% | −23% | −38% | −37% | − 30% |
Fuel (ml) | 1% | −5% | −14% | − 23% | − 39% | −40% | − 34% |