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Table 3 Results related to the subjective experience

From: Preventing the risks of monotony related fatigue while driving through gamification

Measure

Section

Solo Ride (S)

Co-Driver Ride (C)

Interaction Ride (I)

Stat. Test

S - I

Effect

S - I

Stat. Test

C – I

Effect

C - I

M

SD

M

SD

M

SD

KSS Difference

Pre- to Post-Trial

2.23

2.01

−0.35

1.98

1.35

1.58

t = 2.41**

d = 0.43

t = −3.84****

d = 0.69

NASA TLX

Overall

36.83

15.28

32.34

15.28

38.25

12.99

t = −0.50

–

t = − 2.08**

d = 0.37

Mental Demand

29.68

21.93

48.71

25.36

49.68

22.40

t = −4.62****

d = 0.83

t = − 0.18

–

Physical Demand

27.10

20.73

28.71

22.21

27.74

16.37

t = −0.16

–

Z = − 0.46

–

Temporal Demand

20.81

14.77

25.00

16.42

29.52

14.85

t = − 2.95***

d = 0.53

t = − 0.21

–

Performance

40.81

25.43

29.84

20.51

38.71

16.02

t = 212.5

–

t = − 2.36**

d = 42

Effort

59.19

24.63

39.84

22.15

46.45

20.66

Z = − 3.02***

d = 0.53

t = − 1.54

–

Frustration

43.39

26.47

23.87

20.68

37.42

20.97

Z = − 1.50

–

t = − 2.90***

d = 0.52

  1. *p < 0.1 low significance, **p < 0.05 significance, ***p < 0.01 strong significance, ****p < 0.001 highest significance; Z: Wilcoxon signed-ranks test; t: paired samples t-test;