An Open Access Journal
Table 2 Means and standard deviations of the dependent variables
From: Multimodal warning design for take-over request in conditionally automated driving
Dependent Variables | Mean (Std) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Event 1: Unplanned ODD exit | Event2: Planned ODD exit | ||||||||
Visual only | Haptic only | Visual-auditory | Auditory only | Auditory-haptic | Visual-haptic | Visual-auditory-haptic | Visual- auditory | Visual- Auditory- haptic | |
V | H | VA | A | AH | VH | VAH | VA2 | VAH2 | |
RT (Human reaction time for the TOR) [s] | 19.93 (8.00) | 2.11 (0.77) | 2.32 (0.74) | 2.20 (0.60) | 2.21 (0.69) | 1.73 (0.44) | 1.75 (0.45) | 2.28 (0.71) | 2.01 (0.55) |
TTL (Time to lane change) [s] | 42.36 (15.46) | 8.13 (1.64) | 8.00 (1.08) | 7.76 (1.08) | 7.12 (0.69) | 7.42 (1.47) | 7.19 (0.45) | 15.37 (1.10) | 15.98 (1.05) |
SDLP (Standard deviation of lane position) [m] | 0.27 (0.47) | 1.63 (0.35) | 1.50 (0.32) | 1.36 (0.34) | 1.42 (0.39) | 1.30 (0.36) | 1.26 (0.37) | 3.13 (0.33) | 2.99 (0.49) |
SRR (Steering wheel reversal) [s-1] | 0.20 (0.33) | 1.01 (0.47) | 0.81 (0.41) | 0.92 (0.52) | 0.94 (0.42) | 1.09 (0.43) | 1.14 (0.45) | 0.74 (0.27) | 0.73 (0.31) |
SCR (Skin conductance response onset time) [s] | 16.92 (12.60) | 7.13 (6.10) | 7.78 (6.14) | 6.59 (6.40) | 6.34 (7.46) | 7.07 (9.47) | 5.28 (3.88) | 8.41 (9.20) | 5.93 (5.14) |
AHR (Average heart rate) [bpm] | 74.57 (11.92) | 80.28 (9.99) | 80.02 (8.72) | 81.42 (9.10) | 80.47 (10.09) | 79.35 (10.54) | 79.31 (9.79) | 74.53 (17.57) | 78.17 (9.81) |