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Table 6 Comparison of Case 1, Case 2 and Ylläs Around impacts, (↑) = increase, (↓) = decrease, 0 = no change, n.a. = no information available (adopted partly from [12])

From: Impact assessment of rural PPP MaaS pilots

Level

KPI

Services

Case 1

Case 2

Ylläs Around

Individual/ user level

Total number of trips made

Parents gave fewer rides to their children.

n.a.

n.a.

Travelling without a car became easier.

Modal shift (from car to PT, to sharing, to...)

From private cars to DRT.

Increased sharing and slight change from cars to shared rides.

Increased use of PT (63%) and reduction of car use (71%).

Combining different modes of transport

n.a.

The service did not offer travel chains.

n.a.

The service did not offer travel chains.

Bus and (shared) taxi on the same ticket.

Attitudes towards PT, sharing, etc.

Respondents were extremely satisfied and willing to continue the use of the service.

Neutral and positive attitudes mainly.

Respondents were willing to continue using the service.

Perceived accessibility to transport

Major improvement in accessibility.

n.a.

Respondents found that the service simplified their mobility.

Total travel cost per individual/ household

n.a.

Respondents found the fare very affordable, which played a role in using the service.

n.a.

Respondents found the fare very affordable, which played a role in using the service.

Respondents (60%) found their travel expenses to be lower due to the service.

Business/ organisational level

Number of customers

69 customers.

Some new customers.

106 customers.

Customer segments

n.a.

Average age 39 years. Mostly women.

n.a.

Elderly people. Mostly women.

n.a.

Average age 43.5 years. Mostly men.

Collaboration/ partnerships in value chain

Public-private collaboration.

Public-private collaboration.

Public-private collaboration.

Revenues/ turnover

New business for transport and digital service providers.

n.a.

New business for digital service providers is possible, but uncertain.

Positive economic effect for transport service providers.

Data sharing

Data sharing between digital service providers and the client (city).

Data sharing between digital service providers and the client (city).

MaaS platform improved data sharing by stakeholders.

Organizational changes, changes in responsibilities

Initiated larger development of the DRT service.

Promoted the development of regional passenger transport services.

Initiated larger development of mobility services in the Ylläs area.

Societal level

Emissions

n.a.

Reduced use of private cars and optimization of routes.

Driven kilometres and CO2 emissions reduced.

Reduced use of private cars.

Resource efficiency (roads, vehicles, land use, ...)

Increased use of DRT and route optimization.

Improved occupancy rates of vehicles, reduced driven kilometres and emissions, and cost-savings for the public sector.

Increased use of PT and shared rides.

Accessibility of the public to transport services

New door-to-door service (no PT available).

New door-to-door service for private customers (no PT available).

Single train/plane ticket with last mile service.

Modification of vehicle fleet

0

Existing fleet utilized. New driver software.

0

Existing fleet utilized. New driver software.

0

Existing fleet utilized. New driver software.

Legal and policy modifications

n.a.

Need: interoperability of travel card systems.

n.a.

Need: GDPR interpretation guide. Harmonized procedures for SHST.

n.a.

Need: PT data in digital format.