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Table 1 NDRTs identified in the selected studies

From: Takeover performance evaluation using driving simulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

NDRT

Involved stimuli

References

Visual

Auditory

Motor

Cognitive

E-mail

 

()

Alrefaie et al. [1], Dogan et al. [9], Zeeb et al. [63]

20 questions task

 

 

Alrefaie et al. [1], Lodinger and de Lucia [26]

Adjust cabin temperature

 

 

Blommer et al. [2]

Search for a song, radio station or internet search

 

 

DeGuzman et al. [7], Yoon and Ji [61], Zeeb et al. [62]

Watch a video

  

Bourrelly et al. [3], Dogan et al. [9], Feldhütter et al. [15], Lin et al. [24], Shen and Neyens [41], Wan and Wu [53], Wu et al. [59], Yoon and Ji [61], Zeeb et al. [63]

Use mobile phone

 

 

Dogan et al. [10], Yoon and Ji [62]

Read

 

()

 

Dogan et al. [7], Feldhütter et al. [15], Lin et al. [24], Vogelpohl et al. [50], Wan and Wu [53], Wandtner et al. [54], Zeeb et al. [63, 64]

Play a game

()

()

Blommer et al. [2], Choi et al. [4], De Winter et al. [6], DinparastDjadid et al. [8], Feldhütter et al. [15], Gold et al. [17], Happee et al. [18], Louw et al. [27, 28], Lu et al. [29], Payre et al. [32], Rauffet et al. [37], Vogelpohl et al. [50], Wan and Wu [53], Wu et al. [58, 59]

N-back task

 

 

Choi et al. [4], Gold et al. [17], Happee et al. [18], Louw et al. [28], Wu et al. [58]

Office work

 

()

Naujoks et al. [31], Vogelpohl et al. [48]

Typing or texting

 

 

Gold et al. [17], Wan and Wu [53], Zeeb et al. [62]

Take a nap

Wan and Wu [53]

Repeat sentences

 

 

Wandtner et al. [54]

Transcribe sentences

 

 

Wandtner et al. [54, 55], Zeeb et al. [62, 64]

  1. Legend: the NDRT involves this type of distraction; () in some experiments, the NDRT may involve this type of distraction