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Estimated values
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Using general estimates to assign a monetary value to a barrier effect
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Flowerdew and Hammond [49], Monzon et al. [106]
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Contingent valuation method (measuring Willingness To Pay (WTP) for non-market goods using bidding techniques)
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Measuring WTP for avoiding a motorway
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Grudemo [55], Soguel [128]
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Measuring WTP for avoiding a barrier to a recreation area
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Grudemo et al. [56]
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Choice modelling (measuring preferences or WTP based on choice experiments involving different combinations of characteristics of a barrier)
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Measuring WTP for reducing barrier effects of different types of roads, involving characteristics related to road design, traffic intensity and crossing facilities
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Anciaes and Jones [10]
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Measuring WTP for reducing barrier effects of roads
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Anciaes et al. [6]
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Measuring WTP for removing a barrier between two neighbourhoods, taking into consideration amenity characteristics
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Grisolía et al. [54]
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Measuring Willingness To Accept a new road that reduces access to a recreational area, using increased leisure time as a result of decreased travel time as a payment vehicle
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Ivehammar [72]
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Hedonic modelling (measuring WTP for different attributes of housing (e.g. view, distance to station) based on analysis of house sales)
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The impacts on WTP for housing related to reductions in accessibility caused by a motorway
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Broach et al. [33], Eliasson et al. [45], Ellis [46]
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Objective valuations (using the value of related market goods as proxy for the cost of barrier effects)
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Socio-economic costs (increase in traffic accidents, travel time, school transport, sick leave, parking costs etc.) when potential bicycle links are not realised due to barriers
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Sælensminde [124]
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Time spent accompanying children to school
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Tate and Mara [129]
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Monetisation of delay
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Baart and Molenkamp [15], Jarlebring et al. [74]
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Multiplying the total population by the number of seconds of delay that roads and motorways imply. The resulting time is multiplied by a monetary value
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van Essen et al. [139]
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Demand for crossing facilities as a decreasing function of the generalised cost of crossing (such as time to reach the crossing facility, effort of crossing)
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Héran [67]
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