An Open Access Journal
Effects on | Description |
---|---|
Crossing effort | Delays, physical effort, discomfort, stress, and fear of traffic accidents while crossing a transport feature, due to its static or dynamic barrier characteristics or the quality, design or planning of crossing routes and facilities (transversal barriers, see section “Transport features”) [6]*,[18], [29], [71]*,[76]* |
Passing effort | Physical effort, comfort, stress and traffic risks while passing along a traffic feature, affecting cyclists especially (longitudinal barriers, see section “Transport features”). [67, 87, 104] |
Fear of crime | Fear and anxiety about becoming the victim of crime, typically related to crossing facilities [6]* |
Trip effort | Extra travel time, physical effort, comfort, stress and cost for trips, e.g. to schools, workplace, facilities and social contacts. [29]*,[31]*,[39], [59]*,[76]*,[107]*,[108]* |
Detours and delays at level crossings that lead to increased travel time and reduce the reliability of service vehicles such as mail and waste collection [38, 67, 95, 111] and public transport [41] | |
Change in the number of routes available to reach a destination [40, 97] | |
Change of possibilities for drivers to access destinations located adjacent to a road [17], when the road is upgraded to motorway standard, possibilities to park at the roadside are removed and the number of exits are reduced | |
Travel time between different parts of a farm [20] | |
Accessibility | Change in the available choice of opportunities within a given travel time or distance [31]*,[40], [50], [108]* |
Change of consumer base of facilities, measured as the change in the number of residents within a certain travel distance of time from a facility [17, 37, 91, 130] |