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European Transport Research Review

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Table 4 SMS hindered by 1) Infrastructural requirements 2) High policy support needed 3) Skilled workforce needed 4) Higher level of governance involved

From: Framework for connecting the mobility challenges in low density areas to smart mobility solutions: the case study of Estonian municipalities

Clustering

STEEP

Social

Technology

Economic

Environment

Policy

Challenges

Insufficient public transport for comfortable living arrangements for the population

The involvement of residents is resource-intensive and not user-friendly

Skills and capabilities for data collection and low use

Inefficient and non-operational traffic management and road maintenance

There are no fast and sufficient connections to attraction centres

Carbon emissions and inefficient energy use in transport

Transport arrangements do not take into account all modes of movement and their interaction

Traffic planning is not accurate because data cannot be used

Car pooling/sharing schemas

SMS

     

–

–

 

Micro-mobility services

       

–

 

Electric micro-mobility services

       

1

 

MaaS social hubs

 

1

   

1

 

1

 

Electric buses

   

1,2,3,4

  

1,2,3

  

Mitfahrbank (public bench)

  

–

      

e-Hitchhiking services

  

–

      

IoT & DRT

 

1,2,3

1,2,3

1,2,3

 

1,2,3

  

1,2,3

IoT & info-mobility

  

1,3,4

1,3,4

1,3,4

1,3,4

 

1,3,4

1,3,4

Autonomous vehicles & self driving buses

   

1,2,3,4

 

1,2,3,4

   

MultiBus DRT service

 

2

   

2

   

Hydrogen or natural gas propel-led buses

   

1,2,3,4

  

1,2,3,4

  

Smart traffic lights

   

1

1

    
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