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Table 4 Game mechanics and gamification design principles
From: Initiatives and challenges in using gamification in transportation: a systematic mapping
Game mechanics | Points, badges, levels, progress bars, leaderboards, rewards and avatars |
Gamification design principles | Goals/challenges: clear, specific, moderately difficult, immediate and actionable goals/challenges Personalization: personalized experiences, adaptive difficulty; challenges that are perfectly tailored to the player’s skill level, increasing the difficulty as the player’s skill expands Rapid feadback: immediate feedback or shorten feedback cycles; immediate rewards instead of vague long-term benefits Visible status: reputation, social credibility and recognition Unlocking content Freedom of choice: multiple routes to success, allowing players to choose their own sub-goals within the larger task Storyline/new identities Time restriction Social engagement: individual and team competitions, cooperation and interaction with other players |