Table 3 Multilevel mixed logistics regression analysis for travel time use activities

1. Joint travel

Travel with partners

0.076^**

0.021

− 0.171^***

0.206^***

Female * Travel with partners

− 0.021

0.178

0.026

−0.065^*

Travel with others

0.022

− 0.177

− 0.137^**

0.091^**

Female * Travel with others

− 0.027

0.254

0.006

− 0.014

2. Economic factors

Monthly income (€)

0.167^***

0.383^***

0.182^***

0.021

Female*Monthly income (€)

− 0.024

0.053

− 0.038*

0.012

Working hours (h/day)

0.026^***

0.157^***

0.031^***

− 0.036^***

Female *Working hours (h/day)

− 0.015

0.043

0.006

− 0.004

3. Non-travel time use behavior

Time spent on primary social interaction (h/day)

0.033

− 0.101

− 0.015

0.056^*

Female * Time spent on primary social interaction (h/day)

− 0.053

0.261

− 0.067*

− 0.018

Time spent on primary child interaction (h/day)

− 0.311

0.815

0.173

− 0.634^*

Female * Time spent on primary child interaction (h/day)

0.201

0.035

− 0.473⁺

0.752^*

Time spent on primary ICT use (h/day)

0.148⁺

0.002

0.207^*

− 0.030

Female * Time spent on primary ICT use (h/day)

− 0.326^*

− 0.126

− 0.209

− 0.224*

Time spent on primary reading (h/day)

− 0.027

0.362^*

− 0.016

− 0.021

Female * Time spent on primary reading (h/day)

0.112^*

0.055

0.061

0.085

Time spent on secondary activities (h/day)

0.113^***

− 0.015

0.066^***

0.144^***

Female * Time spent on secondary activities (h/day)

− 0.010

0.003

− 0.011

− 0.019

Preference for social interaction = yes

− 0.198

− 1.288^*

− 0.186

0.109

Female * Preference for social interaction

0.314^*

0.815

0.348*

0.013

Preference for ICT based activities = yes

0.481^**

− 0.545

0.398^*

0.272

Female * Preference for ICT based activities

− 0.248

− 0.115

− 0.355

0.113*

4. Sociodemographic

Age

− 0.035^***

− 0.007

− 0.038^***

− 0.015^***

Gender = female

0.313^*

− 0.138

0.035

0.364^**

Living with partners = yes

0.038

0.291

− 0.151⁺

0.198^**

Young children = yes

0.055

− 0.418^*

− 0.093

0.270^***

Social status = self employed

− 0.385^***

− 0.305

− 0.499^***

0.004

Social status = civil servant

− 0.029

0.078

− 0.177

0.172^*

Social status = laborer

0.086

− 0.941^*

0.093

0.063

Social status = not working

0.106

0.258

− 0.083

0.226^**

Flexible work hours = yes

0.123^*

0.672^***

0.047

0.056

5. Residential location

Urbanity = urban (ref.)

Urbanity = semiurban

0.022

− 0.222

0.183^*

− 0.065

Urbanity = semirural

− 0.187^*

− 0.453⁺

− 0.044

− 0.144⁺

Urbanity = rural

− 0.066

− 0.009

− 0.030

− 0.052

Region = West (ref.)

Region = East

0.208^**

0.249

0.316^***

0.079

6. Trip behavior

Trip duration (h/day)

0.554^***

0.219^**

0.395^***

0.228^***

Number of trips per day

0.048^***

0.140^***

0.058^***

0.009

Trip purpose = paid/education (ref.)

Trip purpose = unpaid

− 0.160^***

− 0.080

− 0.923^***

1.198^***

Trip purpose = leisure

− 0.080^*

0.401^*

− 1.044^***

1.343^***

Tripmode = cycle (ref.)

Tripmode = car

3.205^***

− 0.914^**

4.399^***

1.075^***

Tripmode = bus

1.972^***

3.637^***

1.976^***

0.946^***

Tripmode = train

2.466^***

4.814^***

1.719^***

1.306^***

Tripmode = walk

1.523^***

0.599

0.668^***

1.209^***

Time of day = noon (ref.)

Time of day = morning

0.063⁺

− 0.435^**

0.014

0.008

Time of day = evening

− 0.103^**

− 0.968^***

− 0.228^***

0.157^***

Time of day = night

− 0.148^***

− 1.400^***

− 0.332^***

0.223^***

Day of the week (ref. weekdays)

− 0.030

− 0.668^**

− 0.206^***

0.159^***

Constant

− 3.041^***

− 9.153^***

− 4.032^***

− 4.959^***

var(_cons[id_persx])

3.494^***

4.480^***

4.545^***

1.769^***

N (trips)

71,697

71,697

71,697

71,697

N (respondents)

8362

8362

8362

8362

ICC

0.52

0.57

0.58

0.35

AIC

52,352.608

4445.039

40,823.025

35,670.046

BIC

52,785.277

4878.230

41,256.216

36,103.238