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Table 4 UVAR for the regulatory measures category, showing the overarching group, definition and a city example where the measure is implemented
From: Sustainable mobility strategies deconstructed: a taxonomy of urban vehicle access regulations
UVAR Group | UVAR | Definition | City example |
|---|---|---|---|
Regulation by emissions | EURO standard | Vehicle access is regulated by their EURO standard emissions. This is usually phased and differentiated by vehicle type, trip purpose, locality or fuel type. It can be part of a LEZ, LTZ (including delivery scheme) or charging scheme, and can be extended to a ZEZ | Brussels, Belgium |
| Â | Zero-emission vehicles | Vehicle access is regulated, only allowing (or giving advantages to) zero-emission vehicles, as opposed to segmenting vehicles into different emission categories | Krakow, Poland |
Regulation by vehicle type and dimensions | Vehicle type | Vehicle access is regulated by vehicle type, such as heavy duty, light duty, car, van, lorry, coach, minibus, special, etc | Paris, France |
| Â | Dimensions | Vehicle access is regulated by the physical vehicle attributes, such as weight, length, width, number of axles | Prague, Czech Republic |
Regulation by trip purpose | Delivery and logistics | Vehicle access is regulated for delivery and logistics vehicles. The rules or permits given can be phased, time limited, permanent or can provide more (or less) freedom for those with 'desirable behaviour'. They focus on emissions, vehicle size or other requirements (e.g., delivery type, delivery time, …) | Strasbourg, France |
| Â | Through traffic ban | Vehicle access is regulated for through traffic (e.g., 'access only' via road sign to prevent through traffic). It enables a scheme to be focused on or away from certain vehicle uses (by inclusion or exclusion), for example affecting through traffic or not affecting residents or those who are accessing these streets. The rules or permits given can be phased, time limited or permanent | Milan, Italy |
Regulation by permit | Permit to travel | Vehicle access is regulated by a permit that has been granted before entry into the area. This can happen through a windscreen sticker or letter and/or be done 'virtually' through registration of the vehicle plate in a database (e.g., whitelist) | Siena, Italy |
| Â | Parking permit | Vehicle access is regulated by a permit required in order to be legally able to park a vehicle within the area or to drive to the parking space | London, UK |
| Â | Planning Permit Conditions | Vehicle access is regulated by planning permit conditions, which are used to affect the number or impact of vehicles. This can be used to specify how many parking spaces (on or off street) are permitted per dwelling. Planning permit conditions can also be used to place requirements on the (on and off-road) vehicles that are used during the operation of the site (perhaps specifying the parking permits) or during the building phase (e.g., emissions of vehicles used) | Helmond, The Netherlands |
Regulation by safety requirements | Vehicle Safety features | Vehicle access is regulated by additional safety features required for lorries to improve safety for sustainable mobility modes (particularly cycling) | London, UK |