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Table 7 Candidate list of impact assessment methods for ozone
IA Method | Point | Damage unit | NOx differentiation | HCs | CO | CH4 | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BEES | Mid | g NOx eq ‘smog’ | NOx and NO2, w equal factors. HCs given a NOxe factor. | Various, but with equal factors | Yes | Yes | Using NOx as the unit is recursive. |
CML baseline | Mid | kg ethylene | Yes, NO and NO2 | Many, but no NMVOCs | Yes | Yes | Negative value of NO. |
CML non-baseline | Mid | kg ethylene | NOx not included, only HCs | Many species | Yes | Yes | 4 background levels: 2 low NOx, high NOx and very high NOx |
De Leew | Mid | Index TOFPa | No | NMVOC only | Yes | Yes | Easy to apply (De Leeuw, 2002) |
Eco Scarcity 2013 | End | UBP (environmental loading points) | NOx only | ||||
EcoSense Web | Last updated in 2011. Unavailable. | ||||||
EDIP | End | Person.ppm.h | No | Many, + NMVOC | Yes | Yes | |
EPD 2013 | Mid | kg ethylene | Yes, NO and NO2 | Many | Yes | Yes | This is a copy of CML baseline for ozone, i.e. redundant. |
EPS 2000 | End | Ozone factors not explicit | No | Impact is morbidity, life expectancy. NO and NO2 are equal impact. | |||
ILCD 2011 | Mid | kg NMVOC | NOx, NO and NO2 have equal value = 1 | Many, + NMVOC | Yes | Yes | NO and NO2 are equal impact. |
IMPACT 2002+ | Mid | kg ethylene and kg PM2.5 | Yes, for NO, NO2 and NOx | Many, + NMVOC | Resp inorg | Resp org | Factor seems strange – NO is higher impact than NO2 and NOx |
LIME | Mid End | kg ethylene or DALY (disability adjusted life year) | For Japan atmosphere and weather | ||||
MEEuP | Not really impact assessment | ||||||
Passant | Mid | kg ethylene | NOx not included | Many, with speciation profiles by source | No | No | Excellent detail, but limited scope |
ReCiPe endpoint | End | DALY (disability adjusted life year) | NOx and NO2, but they have same value. Also both = to NMVOC. | Many, + NMVOC | Yes | Yes | Recommended by JRC |
ReCiPe midpoint | Mid | kg NMVOC | NOx and NO2, but they have same value. Also both = to NMVOC. | Many, + NMVOC | Yes | Yes | Using NMVOC as the unit is recursive. |
TRACI 2.1 | Mid | kg O3 | NO2 and NOx, so NO could be done by inference. | Huge speciation, also ‘VOCs’ | Yes | Yes | |
USEtox | CTuh, comparative toxic units | NOx, NO and NO2 not included | Not applicable |