Speed reduction effects over distance of animal-vehicle collision countermeasures – a driving simulator study

European Transport Research Review

An Open Access Journal

Table 3 Selection of the models based on Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) for the two components of random factor effects and fixed factor effects and the linear regression models and the LME models

Fixed factor group	I		II
Random factors	without WS	WS	without WS	WS
Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC)
Response variable
Velocity 800–1000 m after measure	2171	1923	2173	1900
ML^a		1933		1930
Velocity 1800–2000 m after measure	2156	1926	2160	1909
ML (n.s.)		1936		1939

Fixed factor groups: (I) response variable (speed) ∼ automatic speed camera + wildlife warning sign + radio warning + forest + fence; (II) response variable (speed) ∼ automatic speed camera + wildlife warning sign + radio warning + forest + fence + interactions (between all factors)
^a = The LME model was significantly different at P < 0.05. n.s. = not significant. ML = LME model based on maximum likelihood estimates. Bold typed AICs shows the final model reported in Table 4