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Table 3 Crash Types Estimation Results
From: A Nested Logit analysis of the influence of distraction on types of vehicle crashes
Variable | Coefficient | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Single-Vehicle crash | Two-vehicle crash | |||||||
Run-off-road | Collision with an object | Collision with a pedestrian | Rear-end | Head-on | Angular | Sideswipe opposite direction | Sideswipe same direction | |
Characteristics of the driver | ||||||||
Driver’s gender | ||||||||
Female | – | – | – | 0.069a | – | – | – | – |
Driver’s age | ||||||||
16–24 | – | 0.214a | −0.665 | − 0.255 | – | – | − 0.351b | − 0.279 |
60 abovea | – | 0.356b | – | − 0.322 | − 0.282a | – | – | – |
Driver’s Impairment | ||||||||
Under the Influence of Alcohol, Drugs | 1.928b | 1.928 | – | 1.367b | 0.588a | – | 0.670 | – |
Safety Equipment | ||||||||
Not Using Seatbelts | 1.165 | 0.951 | – | – | 1.042 | 0.416 | – | – |
Driver’s Distraction | ||||||||
Cognitive | 0.447 | 0.642b | 0.734 | 0.335 | – | – | – | 0.639 |
Passenger Related | 2.069 | 2.598 | – | 0.789a | – | – | 1.278b | – |
In-Vehicle Tasks | 2.062 | 2.505 | – | 1.195 | – | – | – | – |
Out-Vehicle | 1.287 | 2.076 | – | 1.428 | – | – | – | 0.928a |
Cellphone | 1.349 | 1.885 | – | 0.502a | 0.818a | – | – | – |
Speeding | ||||||||
Driving Over the Speed Limit | 2.483 | 2.082 | – | 1.968 | – | – | 0.889 | 0.446b |
Conditional and Environmental Properties | ||||||||
Passenger | ||||||||
Presence of Passengers | −0.379 | −0.379 | − 0.379 | − 0.128 | – | – | – | – |
Vision condition | ||||||||
Vision obscured | −0.759 | – | 1.072 | −0.972 | – | – | – | − 0.841 |
Light condition | ||||||||
Dark – Not Lighted | 0.998 | 1.597 | 1.776 | −0.231b | 0.648 | – | 0.503 | – |
Dark-Lighted | 0.508 | 1.008 | 0.755 | −0.183 | 0.258b | – | – | – |
Down or Dusk | 0.387b | 0.662b | 0.873 | 0.228a | – | – | – | −0.773 |
Weather condition | ||||||||
Rainy | 0.599 | – | – | 0.131a | 0.273 | 0.153a | 0.391a | – |
Snowy | 2.357 | 1.209a | – | 1.057a | 1.920 | 1.902 | 1.962 | 1.356b |
Crash day | ||||||||
Weekend | 0.218 | 0.317 | – | −0.353 | – | −0.144b | 0.216a | – |
Time of Day | ||||||||
Peak Hour (6–9 or 15–19) | −0.242 | 0.262b | – | 0.129 | – | – | – | – |
Characteristics of the road | ||||||||
Road alignment | ||||||||
Curves | 1.434 | – | – | – | 1/552b | – | – | 1.151 |
Surface condition | ||||||||
Dry | 0.182 | 2.96 | – | 0.179 | 2.95 | – | – | – |
Junction Type | ||||||||
Intersections | −4.102 | −3.737 | −2.719 | −1.854 | −1.727 | – | −3.463a | −3.195 |
Other | −3.584 | −4.256 | −3.153 | −2.441 | −1.965 | – | − 3.321 | − 3.321 |
Speed Limit | ||||||||
Up to 35 mi/hr | – | 1.543 | 0.763 | −0.728 | – | – | – | – |
Above 50 mi/hr | 0.952 | 0.566 | 0.952 | – | – | – | 0.494 | – |
Highway type | ||||||||
Interstate highway | 1.411 | 1.854 | – | 1.689 | – | – | – | 1.676 |
Zone type | ||||||||
Urban zone | – | – | 0.176b | 0.119a | – | – | – | 0.177 |
Traffic way Description | ||||||||
Two Way | – | – | – | – | 1.325 | – | 1.184b | −0.465 |
Number of lane | ||||||||
More than one lane in each direction | −0.380 | − 0.380 | −0.380 | – | – | – | − 0.346 | 0.218 |
Constant | 0.980 | −0.568 | 0.565 | 1.752 | 2.368 | – | −0.980 | 0.708 |