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Table 1 Nested logit model of automobile purchase. Coefficient estimates and standard errors. Source: Fridstrøm and Østli [25]
Variable description | Variable name | Coefficient | Standard error |
|---|---|---|---|
Continuous variables | |||
Log of size in square meters (length x width) | Size | 2.520 | 0.0150 |
List price (100 kNOK 2016) | Price | −0.203 | 0.0012 |
Net present value of energy outlay (100 kNOK 2016) | Energycost | −0.331 | 0.0031 |
Non-tax share of list price | Resourcecostshare | 3.320 | 0.0212 |
Square root of BEV electric range (km) | BEVrange | 0.148 | 0.0027 |
Square root of PHEV electric range (km) | PHEVrange | 0.090 | 0.0026 |
Diesel trend (log of years since 1995) | Dieseltrend | 0.769 | 0.0056 |
Dummy variables for vehicle attributes | |||
Diesel ICE 2012 | CDiesel12 | −0.382 | 0.0037 |
Diesel ICE 2013 | CDiesel13 | −0.520 | 0.0041 |
Diesel ICE 2014 | CDiesel14 | −0.528 | 0.0043 |
Diesel ICE 2015 | CDiesel15 | −0.721 | 0.0052 |
Diesel ICE 2016 | CDiesel16 | −0.824 | 0.0059 |
Rear-wheel traction (reference: 4-wheel) | CRearwheel | −0.499 | 0.0038 |
Front-wheel traction (reference: 4-wheel) | CFrontwheel | −0.524 | 0.0031 |
HEV (reference: gasoline ICE) | CHybrid | −0.036 | 0.0027 |
PHEV (reference: gasoline ICE) | CPlugin | −0.920 | 0.0186 |
Diesel ICE (reference: gasoline ICE) | CDiesel | −1.870 | 0.0140 |
BEV (reference: gasoline ICE) | CElectric | −2.500 | 0.0373 |
At least 5 doors | CFiveormoredoors | 0.615 | 0.0041 |
Stick shift (reference: automatic shift) | CManual | −0.123 | 0.0010 |
Dummy variables for body style (reference: compact) | |||
Convertible | CCartype2 | 0.164 | 0.0051 |
Coupé | CCartype4 | −0.081 | 0.0047 |
Panel van | CCartype5 | −0.600 | 0.0079 |
Minivan | CCartype6 | −0.065 | 0.0014 |
Pick-up truck | CCartype7 | −0.468 | 0.0413 |
Sedan | CCartype8 | 0.123 | 0.0028 |
Station wagon | CCartype9 | 0.021 | 0.0010 |
Sport-Utility Vehicle (SUV) | CCartype10 | 0.387 | 0.0025 |
Dummy variables for make (reference: all other makes) | |||
Volkswagen | Cvolkswagen | 2.920 | 0.0231 |
Toyota | Ctoyota | 2.910 | 0.0236 |
Ford | Cford | 1.680 | 0.0227 |
Volvo | Cvolvo | 2.660 | 0.0250 |
Peugeot | Cpeugeot | 1.740 | 0.0238 |
Audi | Caudi | 1.930 | 0.0241 |
BMW | Cbmw | 1.300 | 0.0231 |
Nissan | Cnissan | 1.300 | 0.0229 |
Skoda | Cskoda | 1.730 | 0.0243 |
Opel | Copel | 0.939 | 0.0259 |
Mercedes | Cmercedes | 0.559 | 0.0253 |
Mitsubishi | Cmitsubishi | 1.600 | 0.0243 |
Mazda | Cmazda | 1.780 | 0.0252 |
Hyundai | Chyundai | −0.204 | 0.0352 |
Suzuki | Csuzuki | 0.903 | 0.0262 |
Subaru | Csubaru | 0.954 | 0.0272 |
Honda | Chonda | 1.430 | 0.0257 |
Citroën | Ccitroen | 0.745 | 0.0268 |
Kia | Ckia | 0.490 | 0.0104 |
Renault | Crenault | 0.041 | 0.0098 |
Mini | Cmini | −0.121 | 0.0120 |
Fiat | Cfiat | 0.021 | 0.0121 |
Landrover | Clandrover | 0.209 | 0.0122 |
Lexus | Clexus | 1.000 | 0.0148 |
Chevrolet | Cchevrolet | −0.067 | 0.0144 |
Daihatsu | Cdaihatsu | −0.042 | 0.0155 |
Alfa Romeo | Calfaromeo | −0.211 | 0.0159 |
Porsche | Cporsche | 1.020 | 0.0176 |
Jeep | Cjeep | 0.099 | 0.0176 |
Jaguar | Cjaguar | −0.124 | 0.0204 |
Seat | Cseat | −0.515 | 0.0215 |
Smart | Csmart | −0.158 | 0.0233 |
Tesla | Ctesla | −0.595 | 0.0254 |
Saab | Csaab | 1.030 | 0.0119 |
Scale parameters for make | |||
Volkswagen | muvolkswagen | 3.070 | 0.0184 |
Toyota | mutoyota | 2.820 | 0.0171 |
Ford | muford | 2.210 | 0.0143 |
Volvo | muvolvo | 3.240 | 0.0204 |
Peugeot | mupeugeot | 2.500 | 0.0175 |
Audi | muaudi | 2.710 | 0.0175 |
BMW | mubmw | 2.120 | 0.0134 |
Nissan | munissan | 1.970 | 0.0131 |
Skoda | muskoda | 2.960 | 0.0228 |
Opel | muopel | 1.910 | 0.0155 |
Mercedes | mumercedes | 1.580 | 0.0114 |
Mitsubishi | mumitsubishi | 2.460 | 0.0172 |
Mazda | mumazda | 2.920 | 0.0217 |
Hyundai | muhyundai | 1.260 | 0.0135 |
Suzuki | musuzuki | 1.850 | 0.0175 |
Subaru | musubaru | 1.900 | 0.0193 |
Honda | muhonda | 2.470 | 0.0206 |
Citroën | mucitroen | 2.090 | 0.0196 |
Other makes | muother | 1.480 | 0.0102 |
General | |||
# of parameters | k | 81 | |
# of observation units | n | 30,175 | |
Initial log-likelihood | L0 | −13,587,325 | |
Final log-likelihood | L1 | −12,368,837 | |
Goodness-of-fit measure | Rho bar | 0.09 | |