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Table 2 Regression models for the decreased amount in monthly trips for different activities

From: The trade-off behaviours between virtual and physical activities during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic period

 

Variable ranges

Changes in commute trips

Changes in grocery trips

Changes in non-grocery trips

Changes in family and friends visit trips

Changes in eating out trips

Changes in hobby related trips

Changes in sport related trips

Variable ranges

 

[−40, + 40]

[−40, + 40]

[−40, + 40]

[−40, + 40]

[−40, + 40]

[−40, + 40]

[−40, + 40]

  

B

t

B

t

B

t

B

t

B

t

B

t

B

t

(Constant)

 

−7.682

−2.24*

−3.208

−2.01*

− 2.909

− 2.54*

−6.979

− 3.14*

−4.944

− 2.78*

−9.186

−3.44*

−6.394

− 2.05*

Being a female

0, 1

0.014

0.02

−1.239

− 2.90*

− 0.151

− 0.51

− 0.571

− 1.02

− 0.464

− 1.06

− 0.175

− 0.25

1.326

1.61

Being a full-time worker

0, 1

−7.568

−5.27*

0.458

0.67

−0.328

− 0.68

− 0.087

− 0.10

− 2.982

−4.22*

− 0.946

− 0.85

0.834

0.63

Being a student

0, 1

− 10.216

−6.23*

0.203

0.26

0.182

0.33

0.264

0.25

−2.506

−3.04*

−1.981

− 1.56

2.832

1.87**

Have university education

0, 1

−1.259

−1.21

−0.563

− 1.13

0.476

1.35

−0.347

− 0.52

− 0.252

−0.48

0.200

0.25

0.337

0.35

Having children within household

0, 1

0.193

0.21

0.241

0.53

0.037

0.12

1.053

1.74**

1.167

2.50*

1.582

2.16*

−0.112

−0.13

Having adults within household

0, 1

−0.053

−0.06

0.358

0.78

0.159

0.50

0.228

0.38

−0.050

− 0.11

0.715

0.96

2.224

2.50*

Having elderly within household

0, 1

1.697

1.43

−1.755

−3.08*

−0.690

− 1.72**

− 0.477

− 0.63

0.270

0.46

− 1.085

− 1.18

− 0.399

− 0.36

Do not travel for the given activity during pandemic

0, 1

−4.984

− 3.44*

− 1.905

−2.48*

− 0.477

− 1.00

1.644

1.82**

− 0.085

− 0.11

−1.820

− 1.81**

− 2.057

− 2.08*

Living in Sweden

0, 1

1.146

0.67

1.031

1.26

1.353

2.29*

2.176

1.96*

1.628

1.87**

3.543

2.62*

2.469

1.54

Living in Italy

0, 1

2.472

1.52

1.091

1.36

1.896

3.41*

−2.025

−1.91**

1.106

1.32

−0.569

− 0.44

1.747

1.14

Living in India

0, 1

0.136

0.06

1.766

1.68**

0.778

1.08

1.587

1.16

2.161

2.01*

4.102

2.46*

−3.594

−1.80**

Used private car to carry out the given activity before pandemic

0, 1

−1.479

−1.04

1.569

2.43*

0.306

0.66

−0.515

− 0.58

1.002

1.53

0.497

0.56

0.152

0.14

Used public transport to carry out the given activity before pandemic

0, 1

−3.033

−2.32*

−0.886

− 0.79

− 0.749

− 1.53

− 0.806

− 0.79

0.865

1.23

0.846

0.80

−3.885

−2.18*

Used private car to carry out the given activity during pandemic

0, 1

2.278

1.36

− 0.829

−1.32

0.085

0.16

2.424

2.44*

1.761

2.06*

0.814

0.70

−3.338

−2.41*

Used public transport to carry out the given activity during pandemic

0, 1

−1.431

−0.57

2.663

1.25

1.418

1.54

2.105

1.17

0.984

0.68

−1.745

−0.82

−3.818

− 0.86

R

 

.415a

 

.225a

 

.201a

 

.287a

 

.273a

 

.299a

 

.243a

 

R square

 

0.172

 

0.051

 

0.040

 

0.082

 

0.075

 

0.090

 

0.059

 

Adjusted R square

 

0.156

 

0.032

 

0.022

 

0.064

 

0.057

 

0.072

 

0.040

 

Std. Error of the estimate

 

11.865

 

5.725

 

4.021

 

7.613

 

5.926

 

9.277

 

11.140

 

Number of samples

 

781

 

781

 

781

 

781

 

781

 

781

 

781

 
  1. The more negative t-coefficient, the larger relative decrease in number of trips, compared to their counterparts. One star (*) indicates 95% confidence level, two stars (**) indicates 90% confidence level. Variable ranges are indicated for each variable