Table 8 Dataset ranked by number of links and users, for Map-matching

Quddus et al. [89]

4605

n.p.

24-channel dual-frequency geodetic receiver

4 h trajectories, 1 s resolution

London, sub-urban areas

GPS logger, gyroscope, odometer

Li and Wu [67]

583

12,000

Hand match supported by Rule Based Algorithm

Training-set: 8678 GPS points (traces + syntetic from GIS), Test-set: 1334 GPS points (traces only), 10 s resolution

Beijing, urban areas

GPS logger

Wu et al. [116]

n.p.

442 + 13,650

No GT available. Hidden Markov Models map-matching results as benchmark with [78]

859,195 Traces, 3,709,666 Traces

Porto, Shangai

GPS logger

Lou et al. [71]

n.p.

189

Validated-by-respondents (69 users only)

Dataset 1: Syntetic generated from road network (error normally distributed 20 stdev, 0 mean). Dataset 2: 28 GPS Traces (Trips)

Beijing

Geolife, [130]

Chen and Bierlaire [26]

n.p.

180

No GT available. Unimodal map-matching result as benchmark

10 s resolution

Lausanne (CH) Urban and outskirt areas

Nokia EPFL Lausanne [61]

Hunter et al. [52]

n.p.

Dataset 1: 10. Dataset 2: 600

Dataset 1: 1 s resolution GPS considered as high accuracy GT. Dataset 2: no GT

Dataset 1: 700,000 GPS points, 1 s resolution. Dataset 2: 600,000 points, 1 min resolution

S. Francisco

Mobile Millennium system—GPS logger

Jagadeesh and Srikanthan [54]

n.p.

Dataset 1: 21,807 GPS points, 20 trips, 421 km. Dataset 2: 1000 trips, 13,139 km

Dataset 1: Manual Check on Map-matched GPS points from higher accuracy source (smartphone), leveraging on knowledge of taxi route. Dataset 2: User validation

Dataset 1: 21,807 GPS points, 20 trips (TAXI), 421 km, 1 s resolution. Dataset 2: 13,139 km, 1000 trips. Dataset 3: Syntetic Dataset adding noise to Dataset 1

Singapore

Dataset 1: Custom Smartphone App (Android), Dataset 2: Commercial Smartphone App

Newson and Krumm [78]

n.p.

1

Route planned before data collection and hand match

7531 GPS points, 80 km, 1 s resolution, degraded data simulation

Seattle

GPS logger

Bierlaire et al. [19]

n.p.

Dataset 1: 1 users. Dataset 2: 3 users.

Dataset 1: Known true path. Dataset 2: no ground truth. Dataset 3: high accuracy GPS device

Dataset 1: 10 points Dataset 2: 25 trips 1041 GPS points, 10 s resolution

Lausanne (CH), Urban and outskirt

Nokia EPFL Lausanne [61]

Li et al. [68]

n.p.

n.p.

Tightly-coupled carrier phase GPS receivers integrated with a high-grade inertial navigation system

3363 epochs (sub-urban), 2399 epochs (urban), resolution: 1 epoch/s

Nottingham rural sub-urban, Central London

GPS logger, digital elevation model

Torre et al. [106]

n.p.

n.p.

n.p.

128 GPS Traces, 185,000 GPS points, 360 km, 1088 min

Minneapolis (Twin Cities)

Cyclopath Android App

Wei et al. [115]

n.p.

n.p.

n.p.

14,436 GPS points (SIGSPATIAL Cup 2012 DS), 19,080 GPS points, 1 s resolution

Seattle Shanghai