Table 2 Implementation strategies analysed.

1a. By one stakeholder

1b. By all stakeholders

Strategy 2

Cost-effectiveness achieved by all stakeholders under a gain share setting

2a. The party that benefits the most, shares its benefit

2b. Equal benefits to all involved parties (Shapley value particular case)

Strategy 3

Cost-effectiveness achieved when an authority acts as a facilitator

3a. It covers the connection costs

3b. It covers the software development costs

3c. It covers all development costs (except the pay per use)