Table 2 Descriptive statistics of variables used in the analysis

Outcome variables

Travel multitasking (any secondary = 1)

39.02

38.76

1. Reading (= 1)

1.25

1.23

 *

2. ICT use (listening to music/talking on the phone = 1)

24.57

20.91

***

3. Socializing and care (conversing with children/others) = 1

12.79

16.22

***

Demographics

^aAge: m(s.d)

47.28 (15.54)

45.37 (14.29)

 + ***

^bGender: M = 0 (%)

43.60

-

F = 1 (%)

-

56.40

^bMarital status: Singles (%)

60.53

50.84

***

Partners (%)

39.47

49.16

^bYoung child (< 18 years): No (%)

55.64

50.94

***

Yes (%)

44.36

49.06

Socioeconomic

^aPersonal monthly income (€/month): m (s.d)

2279.64 (1286.77)

1251.34 (822.04)

 + ***

^aWorking hours (h/day): m (s.d)

7.81 (2.28)

5.27 (2.63)

 + ***

^bSocial status: self-employed (%)

11.67

5.56

***

Social status: civil servant (%)

9.07

6.76

Social status: employee (%)

32.96

42.55

Social status: laborer (%)

15.35

4.99

Social status: not working (%)

30.94

40.14

^bFlexible working hours = yes (%)

55.76

46.76

***

Residential location

^bUrbanity: urban (%)

27.67

28.92

**

Semi-urban (%)

41.28

41.13

Semi-rural (%)

17.87

16.90

Rural (%)

13.18

13.04

^bRegion: West (%)

78.49

78.70

East (%)

21.51

21.30

Trip characteristics

^aTrip duration (h/day): m (s.d)

0.46 (0.35)

0.40 (0.30)

 + ***

^aNumber of trips per day: m (s.d)

3.41 (1.94)

3.63 (2.09)

−***

^bTrip purpose = job/education (%)

31.68

23.38

***

Maintenance (%)

29.23

38.77

Leisure (%)

39.09

37.85

^b Trip mode = car (%)

69.68

65.31

***

Public bus (%)

6.51

7.47

Train (%)

3.79

3.43

Cycle (%)

7.32

8.16

Walk (%)

12.70

15.63

^aTravel with partner (h/day): m (s.d)

0.51 (1.19)

0.40 (1.09)

 + ***

^aTravel with children (h/day): m (s.d)

0.13 (0.56)

0.24 (0.68)

− ***

^aTravel with others (h/day): m (s.d)

0.21 (0.77)

0.26 (0.85)

− ***

^bTime of the day: morning (%)

23.07

21.87

***

Noon (%)

28.02

33.15

Evening (%)

32.41

31.03

Right (%)

16.50

13.95

^bDay of the week: weekday (Mon-Fri) (%)

71.16

73.05

***

Weekend (Sat-Sun) (%)

28.84

26.95

* 

Non-travel time use behavior

^aTime spent on primary social interaction (h/day): m (s.d)

0.51 (1.00)

0.54 (0.94)

− ***

^aTime spent on primary ICT use (h/day): m (s.d)

0.06 (0.33)

0.04 (0.23)

 + ***

^aTime spent on primary reading (h/day): m (s.d)

0.40 (0.72)

0.45 (0.70)

− ***

^aAny secondary activities (h/day): m (s.d)

2.51 (2.69)

2.52 (2.59)

−*

^bPreference for social interaction (= 1): (%)

6.14

8.31

***

^bPreference for ICT use (= 1): (%)

3.46

1.59

***

^bPreference for reading (= 1): (%)

2.54

4.54

***

N (trips)

31,199

40,498

31,199

40,498

N (respondents)

3813

4549

3813

4549