Table 4 Summary of the grouped smart port characteristics

Intelligent and innovative infrastructures, equipment, and technologies

[7, 8, 14, 15, 17, 18, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 35, 36, 39, 42, 43, 45, 47, 49,50,51,52,53,54, 58]

26 (72%)

Efficiency of operations

[7, 13, 15, 17, 27, 31, 37, 38, 43, 45, 47, 48, 50,51,52,53,54, 58],

18 (50%)

Environmental sustainability

[7, 8, 17, 27, 31, 35, 37,38,39, 42, 43, 45, 47, 50, 53, 58]

16 (44%)

Automation

[7, 8, 13, 22, 23, 25, 36, 37, 44, 47, 53]

11 (30%)

Safety and security

[17, 35, 38, 39, 47, 52, 54]

7 (19%)

Connectivity

[8, 10, 22, 25, 39, 43, 53]

7 (19%)

Good governance and human resources management

[12, 18, 28, 39, 45, 52]

6 (16%)

Stakeholder collaboration and involvement in port projects

[24, 25, 29, 35, 39, 50]

6 (16%)

Quality life of the population

[27, 37, 38, 42]

4 (11%)

Energy efficiency

[7, 8, 39]

3 (8%)

Communication and data exchange between ports

[25, 52, 53]

3 (8%)