Table 5 LMEM Estimation results for the standard deviation of speed (m/sec) model

Fixed effects

Est. Value

Std. Error

p-value

95% CI

Est. Value

Std. Error

p-value

95% CI

Intercept

0.520

0.083

< 0.001

[0.357, 0.683]

0.428

0.063

< 0.001

[0.305, 0.551]

Experiment 2

-0.108

0.076

0.155

[-0.257, 0.041]

-

-

-

-

AWA

0.178

0.049

< 0.001

[0.082, 0.274]

0.190

0.048

0.001

[0.096, 0.284]

HWZ

0.130

0.076

0.090

[-0.019, 0.279]

0.201

0.066

0.003

[0.072, 0.330]

HWZ - Experiment 2

0.298

0.092

0.001

[0.118, 0.478]

0.197

0.074

0.009

[0.052, 0.342]

Lane width 3.00

0.043

0.041

0.297

[-0.037, 0.123]

-

-

-

-

Lane width 2.70

0.066

0.054

0.221

[-0.040, 0.172]

-

-

-

-

Entry strips - AWA

0.116

0.054

0.033

[0.010, 0.222]

0.127

0.052

0.015

[0.025, 0.229]

Entry strips - HWZ

0.056

0.057

0.323

[-0.056, 0.168]

-

-

-

-

HWZ rumble strips

0.195

0.057

0.001

[0.083, 0.307]

0.194

0.057

0.001

[0.082, 0.306]

DSD in AWA

0.038

0.046

0.413

[-0.052, 0.128]

-

-

-

-

DSD in HWZ

-0.035

0.048

0.469

[-0.129, 0.059]

-

-

-

-

VMS in AWA

0.162

0.046

< 0.001

[0.072, 0.252]

0.154

0.045

0.001

[0.066, 0.242]

VMS in HWZ

-0.065

0.048

0.172

[-0.159, 0.029]

-

-

-

-

Male

-0.156

0.058

0.009

[-0.270, -0.042]

-0.169

0.058

0.004

[-0.283, -0.055]

Age 25–29

-0.076

0.066

0.249

[-0.205, 0.053]

-

-

-

-

Age over 30

-0.294

0.088

0.001

[-0.466, -0.122]

-0.213

0.074

0.005

[-0.358, -0.068]

Run 2

-0.011

0.032

0.739

[-0.074, 0.052]

-0.010

0.032

0.752

[-0.073, 0.053]

Run 3

-0.077

0.032

0.017

[-0.140, -0.014]

-0.077

0.032

0.017

[-0.140, -0.014]

Run 4

-0.104

0.032

0.001

[-0.167, -0.041]

-0.104

0.032

0.001

[-0.167, -0.041]

Random effects

Residual

0.284

0.009

0.285

0.009

\({\sigma }_{1}^{2}\) (Intercept)

0.133

0.028

0.142

0.029

\({\sigma }_{2}^{2}\) (AWA)

0.102

0.029

0.105

0.029

\({\sigma }_{3}^{2}\) (HWZ)

0.098

0.028

0.099

0.028

\({\rho }_{12}\)

-0.699

0.085

-0.721

0.077

\({\rho }_{13}\)

-0.487

0.124

-0.492

0.121

\({\rho }_{23}\)

0.545

0.134

0.561

0.130