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Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the database for violation analysis: drivers' characteristics*

From: Evaluating the impacts of the demerit points system on traffic law violations and driver involvement in road accidents in Israel

Characteristic (variable in the model)

Categories and distribution of drivers according to categories

Drivers' group: treatment or comparison (treat)

Treatment 245,458 (50.04%), comparison 245,040 (49.96%)

Period: before or after (after)

Before (50%), after (50%)

Drivers' group by type of treatment& (group)

(1) 1, B (46.6%); (2) 1_1, B (0.8%); (3) 1_2, B (2.9%); (4) 1_2_6, B (1.4%); (5) 1_3, B (2.2%); (6) 1_3_6, B (1.2%); (7) 1_6, B (1.7%); (8) 2, B (0.9%); (9) 2_6, B (0.7%); (10) 3, B (1.0%); (11) 3_6, B (0.8%); (12) 6, B (7.0%); (13) 1, other (19.5%); (14) 1_1, other (0.6%); (15) 1_2, other (1.8%); (16) 1_2_6, other (1.1%); (17) 1_3, other (1.3%); (18) 1_3_6, other (0.8%); (19) 1_6, other (1.0%); (20) 2, other (0.6%); (21) 2_6, other (0.6%); (22) 3, other (0.6%); (23) 3_6, other (0.5%); (24) 6, other (4.3%)

City of driver's residence, by religion (religion)

Jewish city (62.6%), Arab city (16.3%), mixed city (21.1%)

City of driver's residence, by size (size)

Small (44.3%), medium-sized (25.2%), large (30.5%)

Age-groups of drivers** (age)

Below 25 (4.1%); passed 25 (14.2%); between 25–44 (43.2%); passed 45 (10.3%); between 45–64 (22.5%); passed 65 (3.2%); 65 or more (2.4%)

  1. *N = 490,498. &According to combinations of categories of corrective measures (1,2,3,6) and type of license (B or other). **In the study timespan, based on driver's birth-year; "passed"—the driver changed age-group during the timespan