Table 4 Compilation of uncertainties

U1: Car ownership

Car ownership, in particular in Paris, is assumed to decrease, while in more remote places an increase is possible. Changing technology, prices, and policymaking allows various assumptions

Stable to less inside Paris/MGP, less to more outside MGP

[57]

U2: Work/study location

With increasing transportation speed and trends like working-from-home, more people might work further away. Congestion or concepts like the 15-min city or urban villages could counteract

Across all regions significant possible changes

[58]

U3: Household size

Household sizes are assumed to decrease. However, its level is unknown

Decreasing, strongest inside Paris

[59]