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Table 4 Percentage change in CO2, NOx and PM Emissions with respect to no policy intervention
Emission | MPR | Removing half on-street parking spaces (%) | Replacing on-street parking spaces with driving lanes (%) | Replacing on-street parking spaces with cycling lanes (%) | Replacing on-street parking spaces with pick-up and/or drop-off points (%) | Replacing on-street parking spaces with public spaces (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carbon dioxide (CO2) | 100-0-0 | − 6 | − 13 | − 12 | − 10 | − 13 |
80-20-0 | − 6 | − 14 | − 13 | − 6 | − 13 | |
60-40-0 | − 3 | − 13 | − 12 | − 6 | − 12 | |
40-40-20 | − 5 | − 16 | − 16 | − 8 | − 15 | |
20-40-40 | − 6 | − 14 | − 13 | − 10 | − 12 | |
0-40-60 | 3 | 19 | 16 | 5 | 19 | |
0-20-80 | -9 | 9 | 9 | -7 | 9 | |
0-0-100 | 6 | 14 | 13 | 2 | 11 | |
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) | 100-0-0 | − 3 | − 21 | − 20 | − 5 | − 20 |
80-20-0 | − 6 | − 23 | − 22 | − 8 | − 21 | |
60-40-0 | − 5 | -23 | − 22 | − 10 | − 21 | |
40-40-20 | − 1 | − 12 | − 12 | − 3 | − 12 | |
20-40-40 | − 3 | − 11 | − 10 | − 4 | − 9 | |
0-40-60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | − 1 | 1 | |
0-20-80 | − 2 | − 3 | − 2 | − 1 | − 2 | |
0-0-100 | 1 | 0 | 0 | − 1 | − 1 | |
Particulate matter (PM) | 100-0-0 | − 8 | − 8 | − 7 | − 14 | − 9 |
80-20-0 | − 7 | − 8 | − 8 | − 5 | − 7 | |
60-40-0 | − 1 | − 3 | − 2 | − 3 | − 2 | |
40-40-20 | − 12 | − 10 | − 11 | − 11 | − 9 | |
20-40-40 | − 7 | − 3 | − 3 | − 16 | − 2 | |
0-40-60 | 2 | 20 | 16 | 7 | 21 | |
0-20-80 | − 10 | 9 | 9 | − 7 | 9 | |
0-0-100 | 6 | 14 | 13 | 3 | 11 |