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Table 1 Reviewed articles

From: Autonomous last-mile delivery robots: a literature review

Article

Themes

Scope

Method

Real-world implementation

Operations

Infrastructure

Regulations

Acceptance

Alfandari et al. [15]

X

X

  

The effect of tardiness on the service quality of ADR deliveries

MILP model

No

Boysen et al. [16]

X

X

  

Evaluation and scheduling of truck-based ADRs

MIP model

No

Bakach et al. [17]

X

   

Evaluation of ADRs with truck deliveries to local hubs

MIP model

No

Chen et al. [11]

X

X

 

X

Evaluation and routing of truck-based ADRs

MILP model

No

Edrisi and Ganjipour [18]

   

X

Customer acceptance of ADRs

Survey and structural equation modelling (SEM)

No

Ganjipour and Edrisi [19]

   

X

Customer acceptance of ADRs

Survey and SEM

No

Garus et al. [20]

X

X

  

Sustainability assessment of ADRs

MCDA

No

Gehrke et al. [21]

   

X

Pedestrians’ and bicyclists’ interactions with ADRs

Video-recording

Test on university campus

Heimfarth et al. [22]

X

   

Evaluation of ADRs with truck deliveries to local hubs

MIP model

No

Hoffmann and Prause [10]

X

X

X

X

Regulatory framework for ADRs in Estonia

Interviews, desktop analysis

No

Jennings and Figliozzi [12]

X

X

X

 

The impact of regulations and technical capabilities of ADRs by analysing cost, time, and efficiency effects

Desk research, model

No

Kapser and Abdelrahman [23]

   

X

Customers’ acceptance of ADRs

Survey and SEM

No

Koh and Yuen [24]

   

X

Customers’ acceptance of ADRs

Survey and SEM

No

Lemardelé et al. [25]

X

   

Life-cycle analysis of ADRs with truck deliveries to local hubs

LCA analysis

No

Li et al. [26]

X

   

Life-cycle analysis of truck-based ADRs

LCA analysis

No

Oulmakki et al. [27]

   

X

Customers’ acceptance of ADRs

Survey and SEM

No

Ostermeier et al. [28]

X

X

X

 

Evaluation and routing of truck-based ADRs

MIP model

No

Pani et al. [29]

   

X

Public acceptance of ADRs during the COVID-19 pandemic

Survey

No

Poeting et al. [30]

X

X

  

Evaluation of ADRs from micro depots

Simulation

No

Puig-Pey et al. [31]

   

X

Public acceptance of ADRs

Survey and interviews

Lab environment

Saravanos et al. [32]

   

X

Customers’ acceptance of ADRs

Survey and SEM

No

Schaudt and Clausen [33]

X

X

  

Evaluation and scheduling of ADRs from micro depots

MIP model

No

Schnieder et al. [34]

   

X

Estimations of land-efficient mobility for ADRs

Simulation

No

Simoni et al. [9]

X

X

 

X

Evaluation and scheduling of truck-based ADRs

IP model

No

Sindi and Woodman [5]

 

X

X

 

Evaluation of the impact and barriers of ADRs for last-mile delivery in the UK

Interviews

No

Weinberg et al. [35]

   

X

Pedestrians’ interactions with ADRs in Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Ethnographic observations and interviews

Pilot on public streets

Yuen et al. [36]

   

X

Customers’ acceptance of ADRs

Survey and SEM

No