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Table 2 Characteristics of Berlin, Oslo and Stockholm

From: Actualizing sustainable transport: the interplay between public policy instruments and shared mobility providers’ business models

City

Population 2022*

Main public transport modes**

Bicycle friendliness index (city)***

Digital readiness (country)****

Berlin

3,755,251

commuter train, subway, tram, buses and ferries

15 in 2019 (10 in 2017)

76.11

Oslo

707,548

commuter train, subway, tram, buses and ferries

7 in 2019 (19 in 2017)

75.68

Stockholm

984,748

commuter train, subway, tram, buses and ferries

below the top 20 (14 in 2011)

78.91

  1. *Source: SCB [49], SSB [53], Statistik Berlin Brandenburg [55]
  2. **Source: UITP [63], UITP [64], UITP [65]
  3. ***Source: Copenhagenize index [18]
  4. ****Source: NRI [39]