Table 3 Conceptualizations of SCTs

Kapousizis et al. [64]

Six levels of smartness in SCTs

Only passive warnings, full government intervention

Oliveira et al. [89]

Integrations with other intelligent transport systems

Green wave systems where both cars and cyclists are involved

Nikolaeva et al. [86]

Seven different aims of SCTs

Navigating the spatial environment, improving the relationship between the cyclist and the bike

Berge et al. [11]

14 different factors that describe the human–computer interaction in SCTs

Positioning: on-bike, on cyclist, on infrastructure, or on other road users. Communication modality: visual, auditory, motion

Andres [3]

Four roles of SCTs

SCTs as partners, thrillers, detractors, assistants