Table 1 Selected publications classification according to the level where car dependence is assessed (i.e., car-dependent agent)

Car dependence as car use and access (37 papers)

[78]

X

X

55 metropolitan areas worldwide (5 from North America, 30 from Europe, 4 from Africa, 8 from Middle East, 6 from the rest of Asia, 2 from Australia)

Worldwide

[31]

X

 X

Meta Analysis

Other

[51]

X

X

34 cities worldwide (11 cities from Europe, 14 from North America, 3 from Asia, 6 from Australia)

Worldwide

[22]

X

 X

San Francisco, United States

United States

[15]

X

X

3 cities in Germany (Berlin, Hamburg, Munich), one in Austria (Vienna), one in Switzerland (Zurich)

Europe

[74]*

X

 X

32 cities worldwide (5 from Australia, 11 from North America, 13 from Europe, 3 from Asia)

Worldwide

[44]

 X

 X

Guangzhou, China

China

[65]

X

X

United Kingdom

Europe

[63]

X

X

 X

Montreal, Canada

United States

[59]

X

X

Brisbane, Australia; Hong Kong

Worldwide

[29]

X

X

Västra Götaland, Netherlands

Europe

[97]

X

X

Chagnghung, China

China

[102]

X

X

Chagnghung, China

China

[87]

 X

 X

Netherlands

Europe

[60]

 X

 X

Netherlands

Europe

[107]

X

 X

Beijing, China

China

[47]

 X

 X

Germany (Augsburg, Bielefeld, Magdeburg)

Europe

[96]

X

 X

 X

Chagnghung, China

China

[106]

X

X

Austin, United States

United States

[33]

 X

 X

European Union

Europe

[86]

 X

X

 X

Copenhagen, Denmark

Europe

[101]

X

X

X

Nanjing, China

China

[2]

X

X

Toronto, Canada

Canada

[5]

X

X

United States

United States

[11]

X

X

France's mainland metropolitan areas

Europe

[12]

X

X

United States

United States

[14]

X

X

United States and Germany

Worldwide

[19]

X

X

London

Europe

[90]

X

X

Flanders, Belgium

Europe

[34]

X

X

United States

United States

[49]

X

X

Jinan, China

China

[50]

X

X

Germany

Europe

[52]

X

X

46 cities worldwide

Worldwide

[68]

X

X

26 cities worldwide

Worldwide

[69]

X

X

Sydney Greater Metropolitan Area

Australia

[73]

X

X

37 global cities

Worldwide

[80]

X

X

Shanghai

China

Car dependence as an accessibility outcome (9 papers)

[98]

X

X

X

Netherlands

Europe

[72]

X

X

Paris, France

Europe

[95]

X

X

Xiamen, China

China

[71]

X

 X

 X

Paris, France

Europe

[9]

X

X

Tel Aviv, Israel

Middle East

[99]

X

X

X

South Limburg Region, Netherlands

Europe

[91]

X

X

X

Flanders, Belgium

Europe

[100]

X

X

Three European cities (Eindhoven, Southampton, Aachen)

Europe

[54]

X

X

Munich Transport Region, Germany

Europe

Car dependence as subjective perceptions (6 papers)

[8]

X

X

Shanghai, China; Berlin, Germany; San Francisco, Us

Worldwide

[109]

X

X

London, United Kingdom

Europe

[46]

X

X

United Kingdom

Europe

[82]

X

X

Seoul, South Korea

South Korea

[84]

X

X

Banda Aceh City, Indonesia

Indonesia

[93]

X

X

India

India

Car Dependence as a modelling of choices (3 papers)

[105]

X

X

X

Boston, US

United States

[104]

X

X

X

Boston, Portland, Houston

United States

[103]

X

X

X

Boston, US

United States

Car dependence as an explanatory variable for other issues (9 papers)

[23]

X

X

X

US Counties

United States

[24]

X

X

British Islands

Europe

[25]

X

X

Netherlands

Europe

[26]

X

X

United States and Germany

United States

[28]

X

X

Stockholm, Sweden

Europe

[56]

X

X

Maricopa County, United States

United States

[94]

X

X

Seven metropolitan areas in Canada

Canada

[108]

X

X

United States

United States

[35]

X

 X

Germany and Canada

Worldwide

TOTAL: 64

50

14

40

6

28