1 Planning for local freight needs
Dalla Chiara and Cheah [7] study the demand for parking in urban areas with a high intensity of freight deliveries in Singapore. The authors analyze parking activity data collected using video-recordings at two malls (considering arrival rates, statistical distributions of parking duration, waiting time in queues and driver parking location choice) and study freight vehicles parking using queueing theory. The results reveal a poor performance illustrated by the long queuing times and numerous illegal parking that have negative impacts on supply chains and on citizens. The authors conclude that under these conditions urban freight policy, such as, off-peak deliveries or centralized receiving stations can be effective in solving current congestion issues.
Campbell et al. [5] assess parking demand from freight and service vehicles and study the role of freight demand management initiatives to alleviate the space needs to satisfy this demand. The authors apply freight/service trip generation models to commercial districts in Troy and New York City (NY, USA) to estimate the space requirements to satisfy parking demand. The scenario-based analysis of freight demand management initiatives (i.e., off-hour deliveries, staggered delivery times and receiver-led consolidation) shows that these initiatives can reduce parking space needs by 30 to 80%. This research shows the importance of quantifying parking demand both in number of deliveries and duration to plan parking supply accordingly; and highlights the potential of freight demand management initiatives to alleviate parking space needs.
Pitera et al. [13] study the conflicts between cyclists and freight deliveries in Trondheim, Norway, and discuss the importance of including freight in the urban planning process. In their study, the authors first assess safety conditions via video recordings to identify risk areas where there is interaction between cyclists and freight deliveries, and then map the planning process for decisions involving freight facilities and their surroundings. The results show that most of the risk situations involved turning maneuvers of trucks before or after delivering goods. In terms of planning the results reveal limited discussion of freight operations during the planning, design and construction of buildings which can be partly explained by the lack of a person in charge of freight issues within governing authorities.
Aditjandra and Zunder [1] explore the importance of procurement policy in a University in Newcastle, England. The authors use purchasing data, interviews with the purchasing manager and data from a survey sent to the University staff to analyze the goods orders from University staff. The authors propose a model to estimate the frequency of orders per member of staff based on the individual characteristics and the type of goods purchased. The authors find that there are potential improvements to the sustainability of deliveries by influencing the procurement process. In particular, training specific staff that with responsibility for a large share of deliveries could lead to a better urban freight coordination and more sustainable practices. The authors highlight the importance of involving freight receivers and analyze the determinants of freight demand when aiming at accommodating freight in city planning.